Question

2. Identify the levels of structural organization in the human body, and explain the interrelationships between each level.

3. List the organ systems of the body, and briefly state the functions.

4.Use metric units to quantify the dimensions of cells, tissues, and organs.

5. Define anatomical position.

6. Use anatomical terminology to describe body directions, regions, and planes.

7. Describe the basic structures that humans share with other vertebrates.

8. Locate the major body cavities and their subdivisions.

9. Name the four quadrants of the abdomen, and identify the visceral organs located within each quadrant.

10. Explain how human tissue is prepared and examined for its microscopic structure.

11. Distinguish tissues viewed by light microscopy from those viewed by electron microscopy.

12. Describe the medical imaging techniques that are used to visualize structures inside the bo

Answer 1

ANS 2) The structure of the human body is constructed on six levels: chemical level, cellular level, tissue, organ, organ system, and the organism level. Thus, molecules combine to form cells, which then form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organ systems, and organ systems give rise to organisms.

Chemical level: all living beings are made of an atom that combines to form molecules and further into complex bonds and chemical structures. FOR EXAMPLE: OXYGEN

Cellular level: these are the smallest unit of life, which have vital functions that further combine to form organisms. FOR EXAMPLE: NEURON

Tissue level: Cells form tissues that coordinate to perform special functions. FOR EXAMPLE: MUSCULAR TISSUES

Organ: formed by a combination of tissues for a particular physiological function of the body. FOR EXAMPLE: BRAIN

Organ system: Organs combine to form a whole organ system that plays a specific role in the body. FOR EXAMPLE: NERVOUS SYSTEM

Organism: This is the highest structural level, where the whole organ, organ system, cells, and tissues together combine to form an organism. FOR EXAMPLE: HUMAN ( MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISMS)

ANS 2) There are 11 Organ Systems of the body:

1. NERVOUS SYSTEM: Coordinates functions of brain, spinal cord, nerves eyes, ears for the proper functioning of all the organs, and also help in responding to external stimuli. Comprises of: brain, spinal cord, nerves, ears, eyes.
2. SKELETAL SYSTEM: protection of the brain and nervous tissue, storing minerals, production of blood, the stability of the human body structure, and protecting all organs. Comprises of: Bones, Ligaments, bone marrow, cartilages
3. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: helps in the transport of oxygen to cells and pumping blood in heart and carrying it to the whole body. Comprises of: blood vessels, heart, blood
4. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Gaseous exchange, inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide. Comprises of: Lungs, trachea, larynx, pharynx
5. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: the passage of food from mouth to the stomach, their process, and absorption of nutrients present in them into the body. Comprises of: Stomach, intestine tract, liver, pancreas, esophagus, salivary glands.
6. URINARY SYSTEM: elimination of waste and regulation of blood and ph level/ volume. Comprise of: urinary bladder, kidneys, urethra
7. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: Reproduction process, production of new germ cells, the formation of the egg( in female) and sperm (in males), fertility, and growth of the fetus. Comprises of: ovaries, uterus, testes, prostate glands, genitals, fallopian tube.
8. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: regulation of hormones and their function by proper secretion. Comprises of: Thymus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland
9. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: blood transmission, a defense mechanism against foreign particles entering the body. Comprises of: Spleen, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatic tissues
10. MUSCULAR SYSTEM: Helps in coordinating movement and locomation of the body parts. Comprises of: Muscles, Tendons
11. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM: helps in controlling temperature and maintaining homeostasis of the body. Comprises of: Skin, subcutaneous tissue, hair