Select the MOST CORRECT answer.
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Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood mostly bound to hemoglobin or dissolved in plasma. |
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Hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than myoglobin, allowing a fairly rapid movement of oxygen from muscle to plasma during exercise. |
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Bicarbonate ion is pumped into and out of the red blood cell by a chloride antiporter. |
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Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect. |
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a), b) and c) are all correct. |
Select the MOST CORRECT answer. Hemoglobin...
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is nearly saturated with oxygen in most tissues, regardless of the partial pressure of oxygen. |
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exhibits different affinity for oxygen, depending on its environment. |
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has four Heme groups where oxygen and carbon dioxide bind. |
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Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect. |
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a), b) and c) are all correct. |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Select the MOST CORRECT answer. Countercurrent exchange...
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occurs in the gills of most fish when water and blood flow in opposite directions allowing gas exchange. |
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does not require energy for gas exchange, as oxygen and carbon dioxide move down their concentration gradient. |
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is a process used in capillary beds of mammalian lungs. |
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Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect. |
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a), b) and c) are all correct. Regarding human reproduction (select the MOST CORRECT statement):
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In: Anatomy and Physiology
Regarding human reproductive physiology (select the MOST CORRECT statement):
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One primary spermatocyte can develop into four spermatozoa. |
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In females, germ cells (oogonia) undergo mitosis after puberty. |
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Polar bodies can be found in both the testes and the ovaries. |
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Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect |
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a), b) and c) are all correct |
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ACTH is a hypothalamic hormone. |
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ACTH binds to and activates receptors located on the surface of cells of the adrenal cortex. |
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High levels of ACTH that result from a pituitary tumor lead to low levels of cortisol due to a negative feedback loop. |
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Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect |
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a), b) and c) are all correct |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1a. Explain the significance of glutamate in the brain and of NMDA receptors.
1b. Describe the mechanism of action of glycine and GABA as neurotransmitters, and discuss their significance.
1c. Explain how nitric acid is produced in the body, and describe its functions.
1d. Define spatial summation and temporal summation, and explain their functional importance.
1e. Explain how postsynaptic inhibition is produced and how IPSPs and EPSPs can interact.
1f. Describe the mechanism of presynaptic inhibition.produced.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
2. Upper Digestive Tract
(A) Discuss the stomach and include one usual abnormal finding
(B) Discuss the esophagus and include one usual abnormal finding
(C) Discuss the components of the "Moth" and include one usual abnormal finding
(D) Discuss the tongue and include one usual abnormal finding
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1a. Explain how chemically regulated channels differ from voltage-regulated channels and the nature of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.
1b. Explain how ligand-gated channels are opened, using nicotinic ACh receptors as an example.
1c. Explain how ligand-gated channels operate, using muscarinic ACh receptors as an example.
1d. Describe where stimulatory and inhibitory effects of muscarinic ACh receptors occur and how these effects are produced.
1e. Compare the properties of EPSPs and action potentials, identify where in a neuron these are
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1a. Describe how the permeability of the axon membrane to Na 1 and K 1 is regulated and how changes in permeability to these ions affect the membrane potential.
1b. Describe how gating of Na 1 and K 1 in the axon membrane results in the production of an action potential.
1c. Explain the all-or-none law of action potentials, and describe the effect of increased stimulus strength on action potential production. How do the refractory periods affect the frequency of action potential production?
1d. Describe how action potentials are conducted by unmyelinated nerve fibers. Why is saltatory conduction in myelinated fibers more rapid?
1e. Describe the location of neurotransmitters within an axon and explain the relationship between presynaptic axon activity and the amount of neurotransmitters released.
1f. Describe the sequence of events by which action potentials stimulate the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic axons.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1. Gas Exchange and Transport
(A) Discuss the factors affecting gas exchange in the lungs
(B) Discuss the factor affecting the transport in the blood
C) Discuss the effect of bicarbonate on oxygen transport
(D) Discuss oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange at the tissue level
In: Anatomy and Physiology
describe and discuss the musculoskeletal system and describe 5 terms associated with this musculoskeletal system
In: Anatomy and Physiology
how do convergence, receptive field size, acuity and cortical magnification relate?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
a)_Discuss the factors affecting gas exchange in the
lungs
38-Upper Digestive
Tract
a)_Discuss the stomach and include one usual abnormal
finding
In: Anatomy and Physiology
The release of renin from the kidney plays an important role in maintaining a constant body Na+ content.
a) Explain why it is extremely important that total body Na+ content remains constant.
b) What causes the release of renin from the kidney?
c) Describe how the kidney regulates total body Na+ content.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Gait Abnormalities:
1- Ankle Dorsiflexion Weakness
2- Knee Flexion Contracture
question: discuss the gait abnormalities separately as following:
(i) Their common etiologies
(ii) The "Normal" gait description
(iii) Their Pathological Presentation
(iv) Your recommendation to improve or correct the gait abnormalities including the justifications
You can include drawings if you think that will give a better representation.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
types and roles of white blood cells according to their frequency in the plasma
In: Anatomy and Physiology