QUESTION 1

1. Why is vitamin D necessary?

   	A.	Vitami D protects the skin from pathogen
   	B.	VItamin D protect the skin pathogen
   	C.	Vitamin D is required for calcium absorption from the small  intestine
   	D.	Vitamin D is critical for thermoregulation

QUESTION 2

1. What type of junction allows electrical signals to rapidely spread from cell to cell

   		A, desmosome
   		B, hemidesmosome
   		C. gap junction
   		D. tight junction

QUESTION 3

1. Ligament and tendons are primarily composed  of :

   		B. Dense regular connective tissue.
   		C. Cartilage
   		D Adipose tissue

QUESTION 4

1. _____________gland plays a major role in maintaining body temperature:

   		A. Sebaceous
   		B, eccrine
   		C. Apocrine
   		D. Ceruminous

QUESTION 5

1. simple columnar epithelial epithelial cells lining the internal passageways of the digestive tract usually have _________________ at their free surface

   		A. . mitochondria
   		B. Cilia
   		c. Microvilli
   		D. Golgi complex

QUESTION 6

1. All the following are part of the integumentary system except :

   		A. Epidermis
   		B. Dermis
   		C. hair and nails
   		D. hypodermis

QUESTION 7

1. The combination of fibers and ground substance in the supporting connective tissue is known as

   		A. groundsubstance
   		B. matrix
   		C. cytosol
   		D. plasma

QUESTION 8

1. What component of ground substance adheres cells to their places within the extracellular matrix( ECM).

   		A. Hyluronic acid
   		B. glycoprotein
   		C. Glycosaminoglycan ( GAGs)
   		d. Proteoglycan

QUESTION 9

1. 9. The deepest stratum___________of the epidermis is highly mitotic and responsible for cell replacement

   		A. corneum
   		B. Lucidum
   		C. granulosum
   		Germinativum

QUESTION 10

1. Which organ system is lined by transitional epithelium to accomodate streaching muscle ?

   		A. Muscle tissue
   		B. Small intestine
   		C. Alveoli
   		D. Urinary bladder

protien metabolism

Endocrine Case Study

A 54-year old man finally goes to the doctor at the urging of his wife. His face, neck and shoulders have become puffy while his limbs are thinning. He believes he is in good shape because all his friends are gaining weight while he’s just shifting his around. He claims to eat a relatively healthy diet and has no allergies or other health problems. He’s not sure why his arms and legs seem to be getting thinner, even though he still does a lot of yard work around the house, but he hasn’t felt as strong lately (“but hey, I’m 54”). On observation, he has a pulse of 65 bpm and a blood pressure of 150/95. The only other “different” things he’s noticed is that he seems to be bruising more easily than usual.
The patient takes no medications other than an occasional dose of ibuprofen. The patient went to the hospital for a blood draw and test the next morning. The results are:
Plasma ACTH = 120 pg/mL Plasma cortisol = 35 mcg/dL Serum TSH = 3.3 mcU/mL Serum aldosterone = 18 ng/dL Serum insulin = 35 mcU/mL Serum T4 = 1.4 ng/dL Plasma glucose = 185 ng/dL Hemoglobin A1c = 5.5%

Diagnosis:

What is the evidence of Diagnosis:

In your own words

Describe the events that take place during an action potential. Begin at the point where an EPSP reaches threshold in the trigger zone. Include all ion channels (8), ion movements (8) and potential changes (8) that take place during the various phases of the action potential.

Describe the events that take place during an action potential. Begin at the point where an EPSP reaches threshold in the trigger zone. Include all ion channels (8), ion movements (8) and potential changes (8) that take place during the various phases of the action potential.

Phenytoin (sodium channel blocker) and ethosuximide (calcium channel blocker) are anti-seizure drugs that stop seizures from happening. These drugs work by inhibiting electrical impulses (action potentials) from occurring. Explain the importance of sodium and calcium channels on a neuron and and the reasons why action potentials do not occur when these channels are inhibited. Be sure to include the phases of an action potential, the channels involved, and the importance of an action potential.

In class, it was discussed different ways that muscle fibers and muscles as a whole can increase the strength of a contraction. Please list three different things that a muscle fiber or a muscle as a whole can do to increase tension/strength and explain them.

Describe the followings:

a.drug interaction
b.drug biotransformation?
c.drug receptors?

(Describe each with 50-100 words.)

using three examples from 2 body system explain the physiological concept of flow down gradients, e.g pressure gradients, electro-chemical gradients etc. can talk about airway resistance, blood vessel resistance in those gradient where ever it suits, example of system can be renal system talk about loop henle flow down gradient.. In your answer include the terms gradient and resistance. provide detailed answers in each example physiologically

Describe the factors affecting;

a.drug absorption from the injection sites.
b.drug responses.

Please answer each with 50-100 words.

1. Describe the typical somatic motor pathways for a) consciously moving your foot b) winking your right eye, and c) reflexively extending your R arm to break a fall.
   1. What are the roles of the precentral gyrus, basal nuclei, and cerebellum in motor pathways?
   2. Describe at least three ways the function of motor pathways be impaired.

identify 3 primary systems that regulate hydrogen concentration in body fluids

what is the physiological concept of structure-function relationships and how does the structure enables the function. in your answer give three examples form the two-body system,
Need to answer in Detailed answer