1. List the hormones released from the following glands and their action. Some secrete more than 1 type of hormone.
   1. Pineal gland
   2. Thyroid gland
   3. Parathyroid glands
   4. Thymus
   5. Adrenal cortex
   6. Adrenal medulla
   7. Pancreas

1. Which vessels typically carry blood away from the heart?
2. Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel.
3. Which capillary would be least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells?
4. What provides peripheral resistance?
5. What will decrease peripheral resistance?
6. What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
7. What causes water to cross capillary beds from high to low hydrostatic?
8. What is the fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary?
9. What is blood pressure equivalent to?
10. What is some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries returned to the blood by?
11. What is the outward force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels?
12. Which neurotransmitter decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure?
13. How do parasympathetic neurons in the medulla respond to increased blood pressure?
14. Which stimulus is detected by a chemoreceptor?
15. What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure?
16. Sheena's B lymphocytes (B cells) produced antibodies to protect her about 3-5 days after she was exposed to a virus. What type of immunity do antibodies provide?
17. What should NOT elicit an immune response in your own body?
18. What initiates T cell activation?
19. Where do B cells develop and mature?
20. What are the five basic classes of antibodies?
21. What do Vaccinations involve exposure to an antigen to elicit?
22. What secretes antibodies?
23. What type of immunity exists even in the absence of a stimulus?
24. What organ is responsible for producing most of the plasma proteins known as the complement system?
25. What can cancer cells release to suppress T cell activity?

1. What is the process of red blood cell production is known as?

2. Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies?

3. Where do T lymphocytes mature?

4. What is the stoppage of bleeding is known as?

5. What vitamin is necessary for the proper production of functional clotting factors in the liver?

6. When is fibrin produced during the coagulation cascade?

7. The ABO blood group is based on which antigen(s)?

8. Which of the following blood types is incompatible for donation to B+?

9. Predict the position of the valves during the ventricular ejection phase.

10. What produces the "lub dub" heart sounds?

11. What is the amount of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end of the ventricular ejection phase normally about?

12. Calculate the stroke volume (SV) if end-systolic volume (ESV) is 50 ml and the end-diastolic volume (EDV) in a resting heart is 110 ml.

13. What best describes the Frank-Starling law?

14. Which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload?

15. What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart?

16. Place the following parts of the cardiac conduction system in the order in which they transmit the action potential.

17. During what phase of the action potential will calcium ions enter the contractile cell as potassium ions exit?

18. What ion movement changes the membrane potential in a contractile cell from negative to positive during the rapid depolarization phase?

19. Where do the right and left coronary arteries receive blood from?

1a. Describe the shape of squamous, custodial,and columnar epithelial tissue?

1b. List and describe the different types of connective tissue. What are the similarities and differences between them?

1c. What are three components of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue?

1d. What are the three types of cartilage? What are their similarities and differences?

Make your own schematic diagram, based on your understanding, for the Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System in its role for the regulation of urine concentration and volume. Describe the effects of each parts involved.

about the Ebola virus,

1. Which organ systems are involved?
2. How does Ebola virus spread?

Draw a diagram of the hypothalamus and its connection to the posterior pituitary (2). Include ONLY the neurosecretory cells that secrete an antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The cells that secrete ADH are osmoreceptors that respond to high blood osmolarity by secreting ADH. Given the information about the target organ and action of ADH, explain the homeostatic mechanism that involves ADH that acts when blood osmolarity is too high and be sure to explain how the original stimulus is reversed. (3)

A) Put the steps in activation of cellular immunity in the correct order:

1. infected cells are apoptosed

2. cytotoxic T cell is activated

3. it becomes an APC

4. phagocyte encounters antigen

5. helper T cell is activated

Identify the gland that secretes growth hormone, identify 3 targets of growth hormone, identify 3 specific effects of growth hormone, and explain why these effects occur considering the ultimate effect of growth hormone.

Question 47

A hinge joint is a multiaxial joint.

Question 47 options:

Question 48

Opening of voltage gated potassium channels results in hyperpolarization.

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Question 49

Muscles that control precise movements have large motor units.

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Question 50

Ligaments are a type of epithelial tissue.

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Question 51

In general, humans have only five senses.

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Question 55

Hypercalcemia leads to muscle weakness.

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Question 60

Glaucoma can be dangerous because it increases intraocular pressure.

Question 60 options:

what are the mechanisms of hormonal alterations in regard to hormone synthesis or production and inappropriate response by target cells?

Describe how the internal structure of the ovary differs from the internal structure of the testis and how these organs differ in reproductive potential.

Map the sensory pathway associated with processing somatic senses.

Map the sensory pathway associated with processing olfactory information.

Map the sensory pathway associated with processing gustatory information.

Map the sensory pathway associated with processing auditory information.

Map the sensory pathway associated with processing vision.

Map the sensory pathway associated with processing equilibrium.

2) match a function (bottom table) to the names on top.

Q6: 2 parts

A) Would it be possible for a person to be born with ovaries, a labia, clitoris, organs derived from the Wolffian ducts, and organs derived from the Mullerian ducts?

B) Explain why or why not with reference to how hormones control the development of each set of structures.

When answering these questions, consider only the effects of hormones on the sexual differentiation of the reproductive system and assume that there are no unusual patterns of receptor expression.