Question

Describe the factors affecting;

a.drug absorption from the injection sites.
b.drug responses.

Please answer each with 50-100 words.

Answer 1

A. Factors affecting drug absorption from injection site varies according to the site where it is given the injections.In intramuscular site ,the factors affecting the absorption is muscle with high blood flow can provide faster absorption rate when compared with lesser blood flow.Commonly in intra uscular injections 5 -30 minutes will be required for the onset of drug effect.

In oral drug administration ,the factors affecting the absorption are size of the drug,concentration of the drug,lipid solubility,formulation factors,binding of drugs,gastrointestinal pH,small intestine transit time.

In intra venous drug administration,the drug directly enter into the systemmic circulation and cause an immediate drug effect .In intravenous drug therapy there is no drug absorption,it is directly entering the vein.

B . Drug response means how the drug is affected or the pathological or physiological process in relation to adverse or effective reactions.Sometime the physiological factors in the body have pharmacological and toxological effect on the drug to control the absorption,distribution. ,metabolism and excretion.Other main factors affecting the drug response is genetics,age and diseases.The differences in genetic makeup between individuals can make a big role on drug response