Question

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste), Please Use your keyboard (Don't use handwriting) Thank you..

BIOL 102

Choose any system of the human body and prepare a response to the following questions in 1-2 pages:
1. Introduction (Explain the system with the components)
2. Body (Explain how the system relates to achieve homeostasis in human body)
3. Conclusion (Choose any disease common in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and explain how and which part of the system is affected)

________

please complete my answer to be 500 words And I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

A:

1.The cardiovascular system also called circumlocutory system or blood vascular system. This system responsible for transporting gases, nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste products throughout the body. The cardiovascular system consists of three interrelated components : blood, heart and blood vessels.

Blood: Blood is a liquid connective tissue composed of blood plasma and formed elements( blood cells). The main function of the blood is transporting gases, nutrients, hormones, etc. Blood have three types of blood cell - RBC, WBC and platelets.

Heart: Heart is a mesodermally derived muscular pumping organ. Heart has four chamber right and left atria, right and left ventricles.

Blood vessels: The cardiovascular system has three types of blood vessels. These are the arteries, which carry blood away from the heart to other organs. The capillaries, which permit the exchange of substance between the blood and body tissues. And the veins, which return blood from the tissues back to the heart.

2. In order to maintain the homeostasis in the cardiovascular system and provided adequate blood to the tissue, blood flow must be redirected continually to the tissue as they become more active. Three homeostatic mechanisms ensure adequate blood flow, blood pressure and distribution are neural, endocrine and autoregulatory mechanism.

3. Coronary artery disease is common health problem in Saudi Arabia. Coronary artery disease is also called coronary heart disease, that causes narrowing of coronary arteries so that blood flow to the heart is reduced. In this disease affects the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. It is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substance found in the blood.   

Answer 1

GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

• The gastrointestinal tract begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. Its purpose is to mechanically and enzymatically digest food, absorb nutrients and water, protect the body from microbial invasion, and expel feces. Food enters the mouth where mechanical and enzymatic digestion begins and then is propelled down the esophagus and into the stomach where digestion continues. As the food bolus passes through the small intestine, further digestion and absorption take place with the help of enzymes secreted by the stomach, small intestine, liver, and pancreas. The majority of water absorption and formation of feces occur in the large intestine, until it is temporarily stored in the rectum and defecated through the rectum.
• The gastrointestinal system begins with the mouth, leading to the esophagus and extends through the stomach, small and large intestine to the anus. Food is digested in the stomach and nutrients absorbed in the small intestine. Water is reabsorbed and fecal matter expelled in the large intestine. The large intestine is predominately involved in the resorption of water, transforming the semi-liquid stool into a firmer fecal mass. The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder are also parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
• There are three main functions of the gastrointestinal tract, including transportation, digestion, and absorption of food. The mucosal integrity of the gastrointestinal tract and the functioning of its accessory organs are vital in maintaining the health of your patient. The function of the digestive system is digestion and absorption. Digestion is the breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body. The digestive system is divided into two major parts: The digestive tract (alimentary canal) is a continuous tube with two openings: the mouth and the rectum.

How GIT helps to maintain homeostasis

• The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is part of a major physiological system involved in the regulation of the body’s energy homeostasis. GIT secretes several peptides that influence energy balance through regulation of food intake, energy expenditure and metabolism, besides their local effects controlling gastric-empting, gut motility and nutrient utilization. These peptides integrate a two-way communication axis with the central nervous system, particularly involving the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). As their primary role, GIT-derived peptides act as satiety signals  to the brain, modulating various physiological events related to the meals and the inter-meals periods. Ghrelin presents as the first and the only peripheral hormone with orexigenic properties. The intestinal microbiota is linked to obesity and metabolic disorders. In view of the alarming incidence of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome worldwide, our understanding on how this communication axis between GIT and brain operates is critical for the development of efficient and safe therapies to fight against these major threats of human health.

• There are several reports on the prevalence of specific gastrointestinal diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia such as peptic ulcer disease gall bladder disease ,viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease, and gastrointestinal malignancies, reports on the pattern of GI diseases are few. Among these, the most common is the Peptic Ulcer disease. Peptic ulcer disease is a condition in which there are painful sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum). Normally, a thick layer of mucus protects the stomach lining from the effect of its digestive juices. Th erosion of this layer by acidic food substances can lead to ulceration in the lining of the stomach.This disease is common among the people in Saudi Arabia, due to the existence of a food pattern among them that contains spicy foods, and also due to irregular food intake habits among the people.