The right pinky finger : Describe the formation of lymph within right pinky finger , relating that to blood vessels within the right pinky finger and addressing the physical forces that lead to lymph production. How would the lymph that is formed in right pinky finger be returned to the blood supply? What vessels and lymph organs would it travel through? For the second part of your discussion imagine that there is a potential pathogen within your identified region - what involvement of other lymph organs or individual immune cells would you expect?

◦ Describe fetal circulation and the structures associated with fetal circulation that remain in the body after birth.

◦ How does blood return to the heart through veins even though the pressure in veins is very low?

Match each of the following stimuli or sensations with their correct type of somatic sensation: use these Deep, Exteroceptive, Proprioceptive, Visceral

The pain of a broken bone

The sensation of a gas bubble expanding within the intestine Pain from a torn muscle Shin splints

The sensation that you are lying in bed with one leg slightly bent

The excruciating pain from a paper cut on the palmar surface of your hand

The ability to position and move the fingers correctly when learning to play the guitar Angina (pain within the heart or large blood vessels like the aorta)

The tight, unpleasant feeling of having excessively dry skin

1. Match the question item (specific type of connective tissue) to the correct answer item.

   Loose (areolar) CT Adipose CT Dense regular CT Dense irregular CT Hyaline cartilage CT Elastic cartilage CT Fibrocartilage CT Spongy bone (CT) Compact Bone (CT) Blood Lymph

   A. Location: lymphatic tissue Function: white blood cells congregate here (immunity) Matrix: lymph B. Location: shafts of long bones (femur) Function: protection Matrix: collagen and calcium salts C. Location: ends of long bones (femur) Function: protection Matrix: collagen and calcium salts D. Location: outer ear Function: elasticity/flexibility Matrix: mainly elastic fibers E. Location: nose, fetal skeleton, ends of long bones Function: movement Matrix: thin collagen fibers F. Location: disks of vertebrae, knee joint Function: movement Matrix: strong collagen fibers G. Location: around organs Function: insulation, energy storage Matrix: loose elastic and collagen fibers H. Location: under skin Function: connect/serve as an anchor Matrix: collagen and elastic fibers I. Location: dermis of the skin Function: connect epithelial tissue to bone Matrix: densely packed collagen fibers J. Location: tendons and ligaments Function: connects muscle to bone (tendon), bone to bone (ligament) Matrix: densely packed collagen fibers K. Location: blood vessels and heart Function: transport gases, immunity, blood clotting proteins Matrix: plasma

◦ Describe the different types of blood vessels (including two types of arteries and three types of capillaries.

◦ Describe the chambers of the heart and any special structures found in each chamber (e.g. papillary muscles, auricles, pectinate muscles, valves)

1) what chemically breaks proteins down into large polypeptides?

pepsinogen

protease

bile

pepsin

2) which of the following is involved in converting pepsinogen to pepsin?

hydrocholric acid

renin

pancreatic protease

salvary amylase

A and B

A,B and C

3) what does amylase do to maltose?

emulsifies it into sugars

mixes it with proteases

converts it into starch

hydrolyzes it into glucose

4) what is expected to happen when amylase is temperatures of 60 or above?

will decrease

be the same

will increase

will not change

5) what is the primary source for the bulk of the lipase used in the gastrointestinal tract?

liver

pancreas

stomach gallblader

6) what are building blocks of lipids?

sugars and starches

triglycerides and nucleotides

nucleotides and amino aicds

fatty acids and monoglycerides

1. Given that a patient is a carrier of a genetic disease, why must this patient always be heterozygous and can never be homozygous?

2. Color blindness in a male is inherited only from his mother, but color blindness in a female is inherited from both of her parents. Explain.

3. Describe nondisjunction and identify why it is so genetically significant.

4. Identify three (3) genetic disorders caused by nondisjunction. Explain why.

5. Identify any one (1) genetic disorder not caused by nondisjunction. Explain why.

6). Given that Phenylketonuria (PKU) is inherited as a recessive trait. What is the chance for two heterozygous parents to have a phenylalanine-sensitive child? Explain.

7). Given a mating between a non-hemophiliac male & a heterozygous female what is the probability for a hemophiliac female child? Explain.

8). Given a mating between an albino male & a carrier female, what is the probability for a child who is a carrier for albinism? Explain.

9). Given that brown eyes are dominant, what is the probability for two heterozygous parents to have a blue-eyed child? Explain.

10). If a karyotype is to be constructed for a patient, would a cell in metaphase of the cell cycle be more useful than a cell in interphase of the cell cycle? Explain why.

11). Describe the procedural differences between mitosis & meiosis and why mitosis & meiosis are genetically important.

12). Describe some reasonable theories for the different functions of hair located in these diverse body regions:

- Eyebrows

- Eyelashes

- Scalp

13). How do merocrine & apocrine sweat glands differ in their structure and in their function? Explain.

14). It is important for the epidermis to be effective at screening UV radiation, but not to be too effective. Explain.

15). Your patient asks you which cell type in the skin is the most important cell and why? How would you reply? Explain.

16). Describe the stages of intramembranous ossification and name at least one (1) bone that is formed using this process.

17). Describe the stages of endochondral ossification and name at least one (1) bone that is formed using this process.

18). What effect does the hormone calcitonin have on blood calcium levels & how does it produce this effect? Explain.

19). What effect does parathyroid hormone have on blood calcium levels & how does it produce this effect? Explain.

20). How is vitamin D synthesized and what effect does vitamin D have on blood calcium concentrations? Explain.

- Nostrils

- Axilla

Neoplasm is diagnosed as grade I on a scale of I to IV. Clinically, some of the patients with this neoplasm are found to have stage I disease. Which of the following is the best interpretation of a neoplasm with these designations?
A Unlikely to be malignant
B Arising from epithelium
C May spread via lymphatics and bloodstream
D Has an in situ component
E Well-differentiated

• 3. A 23-year-old woman presents to her GP with menorrhagia. The GP requests a coagulation screen and the results of this are shown below:
• The prolonged PT and APTT correct in a 50:50 mix with normal plasma.

1. What questions might you ask this lady that would be of relevance?

2. How would you proceed with the investigation of this patient?

A 45-year-old man presents with an extensive above knee DVT extending into the iliac veins. He is otherwise well with no past medical history of note.

His pre-anticoagulation screen shows:

• 1. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Factor XII:C <1 IU/dl.

• Do you think the FXII deficiency is clinically important?

If you elect to treat this patient with unfractionated heparin how would you monitor this?

Explain how non-specific stress results in cortisol production including the various organs and hormones involved. If a person experiences long-term stress what changes might you expect in their blood glucose levels and blood pressure related to cortisol increases.

What is a hormone? How a hormone works in our body?

please type the answers

thanks