CLINICAL CONNECTION ACTIVITY FOR CHAPTER 4 – RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Objective: Apply and understand how medical terms are used in the clinical environment.

Complete the clinically related sentences by selecting a medical term from the table below

bronchioles

bronchitis

bronchorrhagia

CO2

hydrotherapy

laryngectomy

laryngoscope

laryngotomy

macroscopic

microscope

O2

pharyngitis

pneumomelanosis

pneumonia

tracheotomy

1. A patient remains on mechanical ventilation after 2 weeks of unsuccessful weaning. The physician explains to the patient and his family that, to prevent complications, the endotracheal tube must be removed and an incision must be made into the trachea for the insertion of a tube that allows for oxygen exchange. The physician places the name of the surgical procedure, known as a __________________________________ on the informed consent form.

2. Robert S. has a history of smoking 2 packs a day for 30 years. He is admitted to the hospital for a surgical procedure to remove his voice box for the treatment of throat cancer. This surgical procedure is known as a__________________________________.

3. Harry M., a coal miner with a history of lung cancer, is admitted with bronchial hemorrhage. The physician documents this finding as __________________________________, which is another term for bronchial hemorrhage.

4. Maria V., a singer who has been experiencing hoarseness, comes to the hospital for diagnostic testing. The physician explains that he will use a __________________________________ to view her vocal cords.

5. A 15-year-old patient who just returned from summer camp comes to the clinic complaining of sore throat, fever, and difficulty swallowing. A throat culture is obtained which reveals a streptococcal infection. The physician prescribes antibiotics to treat this infection, known as _____________________.

6. A premature infant becomes infected with respiratory syncytial virus. This virus causes inflammation of the smaller bronchial tubes, know as the __________________________________.

7. A 48-year-old homeless person is brought to the emergency department by police. The emergency department physician notes an infected wound on his right calf that is imbedded with dirt. The physician prescribes a whirlpool treatment, which is a type of __________________________________.

8. Ahmed S. is admitted to the hospital with shortness of breath. While performing the physical examination, the physician notes accessory muscle use. This finding is seen with the naked eye and therefore part of the __________________________________ examination.

9. The physician prescribes oxygen at 4 liters/minute via nasal cannula (NC) for a patient diagnosed with pneumonia. When the physician documents the effectiveness of treatment in the progress notes, he might abbreviate the prescribed oxygen therapy as __________________________________ at 4L/minute via N.C.

10. An 83-year-old patient is transferred from the nursing home with fever, dehydration, and shortness of breath. A chest X-ray reveals a right lower lobe infiltrate. The physician diagnoses ___________________________, an acute inflammation of the lungs caused by a bacterium, virus, or chemical irritant.

11. Charles N. is diagnosed with black lung disease, also known as ______________________________, after working in a coal mine for 30 years. Based on this patient’s diagnosis, the health care team should discuss advanced directives with the patient to make sure they understand his health care wishes.

12. A patient undergoes an open lung biopsy. The pathologist takes the specimen and examines it with an instrument designed to view very small structures, known as a ____________________________.

Describe ( VERY brief please )  the functional anatomy of the kidneys then write a few sentences comparing bulk flow in the glomerular capillaries to other systemic capillaries. How do you solve problems with the glomerular filtration rate, renal threshold, transport maxima, and excretion rates? Why does it matter?

Describe in 3-4 sentences how the hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells delivers more oxygen to active cells, than cells at rest. Include, differences in partial pressure, pH, and [carbon dioxide]. (There might be a very small effect of temperature, but you can leave it out because it is a minor contributor in humans.)

During a spinal tap to obtain CSF, list the spaces and/or meninges that the needle would have to penetrate to reach the CSF.

Also

List the flow of CSF in the brain and spinal cord.

Be sure to include where CSF is made and where it finally ends up after cycling through the brain. Also, discuss the glial cells involved in the BBB of the brain.

True or False

T or F - Damage to the olfactory nerve could result in blurred vision.

T or F -  EPSP’s are triggered by neurotransmitter GABA.

T or F - Local potentials occur on the dendrites or soma of the neuron and are graded or decrimental in nature.

T or F - Acetylcholine from a presysnaptic neuron is released into the synaptic cleft as a result of chlorine ions entering its’ synaptic bulb.

T or F - The epineurium surrounds individual nerve fibers.

T or F - During the absolute refractory period, it is possible for another action potential to occur.

T or F - The spinal nerve is only motor, not sensory.

T or F - The hypothalamus is responsible for smooth, coordinated muscle movements.

List and describe 3 corrective and 3 compensating effects that angiotensin II has that returns GFR back to normal.

1. What are the major contributions to glomerular filtration pressure, and what happens to GFR when these parameters change?

I need a full answer ...not a part.. please

and you don't have to explain just give me a answer plesase..

question 1 .

Match the following, each choice is used once.

1. Levering System

a. long or irregular bones b. synovial joint c. how things move d. muscle power e .object to be moved

2. Pivot (Fulcrum)

a. long or irregular bones b. synovial joint c. how things move d. muscle power e .object to be moved

3. Effort (Force)

a. long or irregular bones b. synovial joint c. how things move d. muscle power e .object to be moved

4. Lever

a. long or irregular bones b. synovial joint c. how things move d. muscle power e .object to be moved

5. Load (Resistance)

a. long or irregular bones b. synovial joint c. how things move d. muscle power e .object to be moved

question 2 Match the following muscle with the type of classification that best describes it.

1. Sartorius

a. fan-shaped archicture b. sphincteral architecture c. bipinnate architecture d. parallel muscle architecture e. fusiform architecture

2. Pectoralis major

a. fan-shaped archicture b. sphincteral architecture c. bipinnate architecture d. parallel muscle architecture e. fusiform architecture

3. Rectus Femoris

a. fan-shaped archicture b. sphincteral architecture c. bipinnate architecture d. parallel muscle architecture e. fusiform architecture

4. Gluteus maximus

a. fan-shaped archicture b. sphincteral architecture c. bipinnate architecture d. parallel muscle architecture e. fusiform architecture

5. Orbicuclaris oculi

a. fan-shaped archicture b. sphincteral architecture c. bipinnate architecture d. parallel muscle architecture e. fusiform architecture

question 3 For the following items pertaining to endochondral ossification, match each zone with the description of what happen there.

1. Zone of reserve

a. chondrocytes undergo cell division b. osteoclasts come in and dissolve the mineralized grind substance c. chondrocytes are just sitting and wating

d. chondrocytes calcify the matrixe and die e. chondrocytes get larger

2. Zone of proliferation

a. chondrocytes undergo cell division b. osteoclasts come in and dissolve the mineralized grind substance c. chondrocytes are just sitting and wating

d. chondrocytes calcify the matrixe and die e. chondrocytes get larger

3. Zone of hypertrophication

a. chondrocytes undergo cell division b. osteoclasts come in and dissolve the mineralized grind substance c. chondrocytes are just sitting and wating

d. chondrocytes calcify the matrix and die e. chondrocytes get larger

4. Zone of ossification

a. chondrocytes undergo cell division b. osteoclasts come in and dissolve the mineralized grind substance c. chondrocytes are just sitting and wating

d. chondrocytes calcify the matrix and die e. chondrocytes get larger

5.Zone of remodeling

a. chondrocytes undergo cell division b. osteoclasts come in and dissolve the mineralized grind substance c. chondrocytes are just sitting and wating

d. chondrocytes calcify the matrix and die e. chondrocytes get large

question 4

An increase in the sharpness of the angle between two bones in an anterior-posterior direction is called

a. extension b. abduction c. flexion d. protraction e. adduction e. retraction

A movement that occurs on a right - left plane of direction that moves the hands or feet farther from the midsagittal plane is called

a. extension b. abduction c. flexion d. protraction e. adduction e. retraction

question 19

Fibrocartilage:

a. is found on the articular surfaces of bones.

b. forms the pubic symphysis.

c. heals quickly if it is damaged.

d. none of the above.

e. is a type of epithelial tissue.

Which would be more effective: a single "megadose" of a calcium once a day or a smaller supplement with each meal?

Describe the physiological events occurring in the heart muscle represented by each ECG component (the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave). Why does the QRS complex have the largest amplitude?

9. Which of the following statements is true for an eccentric muscular contraction.

1. The muscle lengthens.

2. The maximum possible tension generated by a muscle at a given joint position is

   smaller during an eccentric contraction when compared to an isometric contraction.

3. Shortening of m. triceps during elbow extension is an example of an eccentric

   contraction.

4. Requires an external force acting on the bone to which the muscle is attached.

Which of the following is not an organic molecule composing hormones/hormone-like substances?

human physiology

Explain the functions of the stomach and describe the features that make it uniquely adapted to its function, including the function of cells located in the gastric pits.

human physiology

Describe the process by which ingested proteins and carbohydrates are digested, absorbed, and transported into the bloodstream. Then contrast this with the process pertaining to the digestion and absorption of dietary fats (lipids). Include an explanation as to why lipids are processed differently from hydrophilic molecules.

describe the respiratory tree including regions of the conducting and respiratory regions