Question

If a mother had blood type _____, her second baby and subsequent children would be endangered if they had type A+.

	a.	type A– blood
	b.	type A+ blood
	c.	type B+ blood
	d.	type O+ blood

Which of the following statements about human blood is false?

	a.	blood plasma makes up more than half of the volume of normal blood
	b.	blood plasma is mostly water, with ions, amino acids, glucose, hormones, proteins, and other materials
	c.	white blood cells (leukocytes) make up about 40% of the volume of normal blood
	d.	red blood cells (erythrocytes) are the most common blood cells

Which of the following is not a cause of chronic high blood pressure (hypertension)?

	a.	increased diameter of peripheral arterioles
	b.	decreased elasticity of the walls of arteries and arterioles
	c.	buildup of cholesterol in the lining of arteries and arterioles (atherosclerosis)
	d.	increased resistance to blood flow in fatty tissues due to increased number and size of fat cells (obesity)

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is false?

	a.	cholesterol is transported from the liver to peripheral tissues by low density lipoproteins
	b.	cholesterol can build up in the lining of arteries and arterioles, a condition called atherosclerosis
	c.	dietary cholesterol is most common in plant tissues, especially green leafy vegetables
	d.	healthy blood cholesterol is < 200 mg/dl total cholesterol / > 40 mg/dl HDL cholesterol ≤ 5.0

Answer 1

Answer is option 'a' :- Type A- blood. The rest of the options are Rh positive blood groups. Therefore they are not applicable.

• Humans have two types of blood group systems:- ABO and Rh system.
• Under ABO blood group system, there are three types of blood group. They are A, B, AB and O.
• Under Rh blood group system, there are two types of blood group. They are Rh positive and Rh negative based on the presence and absence (respectively) of a protein called 'Rhesus factor'.
• A person with Rh negative blood must not receive Rh positive blood because this can lead to agglutination of blood. Although first transfusion of Rh positive blood to a person with Rh negative blood may not develop a fast and strong immune response, but subsequent transfusions can result in development of anti-Rh antibodies, hemolysis and may pose danger.
• Similarly in case of pregnancy, Rh compatibility is of great importance.
• If mother has Rh negative blood type and gets conceived with Rh positive child for the first time, the sensitization of maternal Rh negative blood with the Rh antigen of fetus might occur during parturition. Therefore, the immune response is slow. It will not affect the fetus. However, in case of subsequent pregnancies, if the mother conceives a child with Rh negative blood again, the maternal immune response is quicker and stronger. This results in hemolysis of fetal RBCs. This condition is called 'Erythroblastosis fetalis'. This can be prevented by injecting the pregnant mother with anti-D or Rho(D) injection.