Question

Which of the following could cause an increase in the heart rate?

	a.	increased movement
	b.	a decrease in blood pressure
	c.	a decrease in the pH of the blood plasma
	d.	all of these could cause an increase in the heart rate

An increase in the hydrostatic pressure at the arteriolar end of a capillary bed would cause…

	a.	no changes in exchange rates through the capillary walls
	b.	an increase in the amount of oxygen (O2), nutrient, and fluids moving out of the capillaries
	c.	a decrease in the amount of oxygen (O2), nutrients, and fluids moving out of the capillaries
	d.	an increase in the amount of wastes and fluids moving into of the capillaries

Edema can be the result of _____.

	a.	an increase in the hydrostatic pressure at the arteriolar end of a capillary bed
	b.	a decrease in the concentration of solutes, especially albumin, in the blood plasma
	c.	a decrease in the hydrostatic pressure at the arteriolar end of a capillary bed
	d.	both a and b are correct

hich of the following can cause hypovolemic shock?

	a.	hemorrhage (blood loss)
	b.	increase in cardiac output
	c.	toxins that cause the dilation of all peripheral arterioles
	d.	all of these statements are true except (b)

Which of the following can be used to treat hypovolemic shock?

	a.	elevating the legs of the person in hypovolemic shock
	b.	stopping hemorrhage (blood loss) from the person in hypovolemic shock
	c.	giving a transfusion to the person in hypovolemic shock
	d.	all of these can be used to treat hypovolemic shock

Answer 1

1st question-

all the options are correct.

Heart rate increases during exercise because oxygen demand increases . So increase heart rate will supply more oxygen. Also decrease blood pressure is also controlled by increased heart rate as increase in rate means more force of contraction by heart which increases blood pressure. Decrease in pH cause acidosis in blood. Increase heart rate will increase blood flow which will eliminate excessive hydrogen ion.

2nd question-

increase in hydrostatic pressure at arteriolar end will cause increase in amount of oxygen, nutrients and fluids moving out of capillaries.

This happens because as hydrostatic pressure increase, the plasma content(oxygen, nutrients)exert more pressure on endothelial lining of capillaries. So more oxygen, nutrients and fluid will move out because of high pressure.

3rd question-

both a and b are correct.

When solutes decrease in blood, the osmotic pressures in blood decreases. This will cause movement of water from blood to outside interstitial space. This will cause edema. Also increase hydrostatic pressure at arteriolar end will exert more pressure on blood vessels which will cause more movement of water outside.

4th question-

Both a and c option are correct. Hemorrhage cause blood loss from body which cause decrease in blood volume leading to hypovolemic shock. Also dilation of peripheral arteriolar cause vasodilation. Due to vasodilation, BP decreases and less blood reaches body cells. This leads to hypovolemic shock.

5th question-

all options are correct.

In hypovolemic shock, blood is lost from body. So stopping bleeding and transfusing blood will prevent blood loss and replenish blood respectively.

Elevating legs will pull the blood towards the heart due to gravity. So.more blood will be available to the heart and heart will circulate the blood throughout the body to compensate the shock.