Female reproductive system.

a. Name the female sex hormone(s)

b. Name the phases of the menstrual cycle and indicate the level of each hormone in (a) that is present during each.

c. What is one event or condition in a young woman’s life that can cause her menstrual cycle to pause for a few months? Describe why this occurs.

1) Name the tissues layers and tissues types that are found in the mucosal layer of the trachea

2) Name types of tissues that are found in the submucosal layer of the trachea.

3) name types of tissues that are found in the fibrocartilaginous layer of the trachea.

4) discuss the role of goblet cells and cilia in filtering inhaled air.

escribe the different functions of the conducting zone and respiratory zone and relate those to differences in their histology.

2. State whether hyperventilation and emphysema would raise or lower each of the following—the blood Po₂, Pco₂, and pH—and explain why.

Osmotic movement of water by proximal convoluted tubule cells is referred to as ______ (three words), whereas _____ (three words) is when water is reclaimed from filtrate in the collecting duct.

A medical technique that could be applicable to cure sickle cell anemia

Describe gas exchange during external respiration and internal respiration, including how the partial pressure gradients determine the diffusion of the gases.

Describe the anterior pituitary hormones and their physiological effects.

Describe the regulation of water reabsorption in the kidneys.

1. Explain the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance.
2. A man with blood type A marries a woman with blood type B. One of their children has blood type O. Show how this is possible.
3. What are polygenic traits? Give an example of a polygenic trait in humans (besides skin color).
4. A male human is heterozygous for detached earlobes (Ee) and could produce sperm that contain either the dominant gene (E) or recessive gene (e). Does this occur during meiosis or mitosis?
5. Linked genes are on ( the same / different ) chromosome(s) and tend to be inherited ( together / separately).

1. Give an example of a character studied by Gregor Mendel, and the two traits within that character.
2. Use Punnet squares to predict the phenotype and genotype ratios of each of the following crosses:

1. 1. A true-breeding homozygous
      tall pea plant is crossed with a
      true-breeding homozygous
      short pea plant.
2. 2. Two of the offspring from
      the previous cross are bred.
3. In the previous question, which was the P generation? The F1 generation? The F2 generation?

4. What pattern of inheritance is shown by human blood types?

  5. Often the lungs of premature infants have not matured to the point where they are
producing adequate surfactant. Why might this be a problem?

Experiment: Investigating Intrapleural Pressure

1. Describe what happens to air flow when one lung is “collapsed”.

2. What clinical term is used to describe the condition of:

1. a collapsed lung?
   

2. air in the pleural cavity?

3. Why does air enter the pleural cavity when the valve is open?

4. Why does the lung collapse when the valve is opened? (What forces are causing this to happen?)  

      5. Does the lung reinflate once the valve is closed? What must be done in order for the
lung to reinflate?

     6. A patient is brought to the emergency room with a stab wound to the right side of the
chest and a collapsed lung. Why is only one lung deflated with the knife wound?