Photoreceptors are directly innervated by fibers of the optic nerve:

a. True

b. False

Name the three different aspects of body fluids that affect animal function and are therefore typically regulated by animals.

Plz write in your own text and don't copy answers that was answered before since my teacher has (Plagiarism checker) thank you

In 800 APA essay discuss the control of thyroid gland and hyper and hyposecretion from it on the body

or close to 800 words

Give one sport that frequently get strain injury. State your reason..

Match the cell type to the function performed.

Nephron epithelial cell.

Group of answer choices

provides structural support for filtration

transport solutes into ISF

contain blood in vessels

creates electrical impulses

what does force regulation in a given muscle depend on (other than Cross-Bride formation)

Xin Xiao gets a text message from his dad from Guangzhou, who has a history of kidney stones, that a kidney stone has been found lodged in his the ureter associated with his right kidney. The resulted complete blockage of his right ureter, blocking the flow of urine out of the right kidney. What effect will this have on glomerular filtration rate for the kidney? Be specific as possible. How does this impact his left kidney AND does this have an overall impact on Xin Xiao’s dad’s urinary function (ie. Removal of wastes and urine production in general)?

Consider how all the factors contributing to MAP impact each other, and put the following parameters in order regarding cause and effect, starting with a reduction in blood volume (due to donating blood, for example), and moving through the compensatory mechanisms involved.

1. MAP is restored towards its set point

2. Heart rate, ventricular contractility, venous return, and TPR all increase

3. The sympathetic activity increases and parasympathetic activity decreases

4. Baroreceptor activity decreases

5. MAP decreases

6. Cardiac output decreases

7. Blood volume is reduced

8. Venous return decreases

9. EDV decreases

10. Stroke volume decreases

put in order

With sufficient research, describe the development and the different types of immunotherapy, as well as implications for the treatment of cancers. Please type answer.

Briefly explain the biphasic release of insulin into circulation. Include in your answer a description of the first and second phases.

QUESTION

Subject A consumed ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) and subject B consumed bicarbonate (NaHCO₃).

a) Using a flow chart of the negative feedback loops involved, (for subject A) explain the implications of ingesting ammonium chloride on the human body.

Include the initial changes in the pH and bicarbonate (HCO₃^-) of the plasma and the response of the kidney to these changes in terms of increases or decreases of:

• reabsorption of HCO₃^-
• regeneration of HCO₃^-
• excretion of HCO₃^-
• excretion of buffer-bound H⁺
• pH of the urine  

b) repeat part (a) for subject B

Thank you! :)

Some infants are born with a hole in the septum between the left and right ventricles called a VSD (ventricular septal defect). This enables blood to pass between the two ventricles. Considering that blood will always move from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure, which of the following would be a consequence of this condition? (Note, consider these based solely on the condition, and not any subsequent compensatory mechanisms such as an increase in blood volume). Three options are correct.

Group of answer choices

Peripheral (systemic) oedema

Increased aortic pressure

Pulmonary hypotension

Pulmonary oedema

Decreased left heart ejection fraction

Decreased right heart EDV

Increased left ventricular EDV

Hans Dietz is a 25 year old male patient with a family history of Marfan Syndrome (MFS). He is generally well and enjoys attending regular fitness sessions in his local gymnasium. During a recent gym session, he experienced dizziness followed by a fainting episode. He presented at the emergency department and a new systolic murmur was heard. Mr Dietz subsequently underwent screening for cardiovascular abnormalities associated with his family history of Marfan Syndrome.

Question 1

The fibrous structure of the heart is comprised predominantly of connective tissue proteins.

Describe the microscopic composition of the layers of the mitral valve. Your answer must include a description of the connective tissue element, the cell types found in each layer and how the layers are arranged (i.e. their structure or architecture). (3 marks)            

Question 2

Upon further evaluation with an echocardiogram (cardiac ultrasound), Mr Dietz was found to have an enlarged (dilated) proximal ascending aorta, mitral valve prolapse with myxomatous changes and elongated chordae.

The patient was noted as having myxomatous changes in the mitral valve leaflets and associated elongation of the chordae tendineae. Explain what is meant by the term myxomatous changes. Your answer must include a description of the cellular and structural changes that occur within the valve. (2 marks)

Question 3

Where on the body would be the ideal position for the clinician to auscultate for a systolic murmur associated with the mitral valve? (2 marks)

Question 4

Describe the secondary complications (or consequences) that will occur as a result of the changes in the structure of the mitral valve in a patient with Marfan syndrome. Your answer should link to the clinical sign of the new systolic murmur noted in this patient. (3 marks)