Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Tetrology of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that leads to cyanosis in newborns (blue baby...

  1. Tetrology of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that leads to cyanosis in newborns (blue baby syndrome). This disorder typically includes four anatomic abnormalities: pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Explain what each of these terms mean. How would this affect blood flow through the heart and pulmonary circuit? Why would this lead to cyanosis?

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Expert Solution

Yes tertrolgy of Fallot is a congenital disorder affecting our heart

1) PULMONARY STENOSIS

This is a situation where the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery become stenosed that is become small or narrow . It will not allow the movement of the same quantity of blood that should flow through it . So the deoxygenated blood that should be Oxygenated will not flow much through this stenosed valve . This will result in the accumulation of deoxygenated blood in body and lead to cyanosis( bkuid discoloration due to lack of O2)

2) OVERRIDING OF AORTA

This is a condition where the mispositioning if the aorta occur and it will face the atrial septal defect . This will cause the Aorta to carry the deoxygenated blood through the aorta and supply this deoxygenated blood to the extremies . When this occur body will lack O2 and lead to cyanosis.

3) VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT

It is a condition where there is a defect in the ventricular septum that is in the wall between the right and left ventricle . This will lead to mixing up if the deoxygenated blood in the right side of our heart and the oxygenated blood in the left side of our heart. So our body will not receive normal oxygenated blood and this will lead to shunting if Oxygenated And deoxygenated blood . So as a result cyanosis will occur

4) RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY

The ventricle of the right side of heart will become hypertrophic as a result of pulmonary stenosis , that is more pressure is needed to push the blood through the stenosed valve. As a result muscle building occur in ventricle called hypertrophy. This cause less space in the right ventricle for the blood to fill . So the amount of blood that will get Oxygenated will reduce as a result cyanosis will occur

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