Question

Neuroendocrine mechanisms control homeostasis. Describe a homeostatic regulation that involves both neural and hormonal regulations. (7 pts)

Provide an answer to each question below!!! All questions below correlate to the 7pt question above. In total, it is one response but divided into pieces.

Name the homeostatic function to be regulated. (1 pt)

Name the tissue/organ involved. (1 pt)

Name the neural and hormonal factors involved. (2 pts)

Describe how each of these neural and hormonal factors regulates the organ/tissue’s function. (3 pts)

Answer 1

The regulation of blood pressure involves neural as well as hormonal regulation.

-- homeostatic function to be regulated : controll of blood pressure

-- tissue/organ involved : heart and kidneys

-- neural and hormonal factors involved : baro reflex and renin angiotensin system.
-- Description:

Neural control of blood pressure through baro reflex- When the blood pressure decreases the baroreceptors present in the arteries and carotid body sends sensory information to the cardiac centre in the medulla. The cardiac centre causes inhibition of parasympathetic pathway and stimulates sympathetic pathway. This results increased myocardial contraction, increased heart rate, increased stroke volume and cardiac output. It also causes vasoconstriction and increases peripheral vascular resistance. This helps to increase the blood pressure.
Hormonal control : decreased blood pressure decreases the perfusion of kidneys. This causes kidneys to secrete renin. The renin released acts on liver to release angiotensinogen which is converted to angiotensin l and angiotensin ll. Angiotensin ll constricts the blood vessels. It also acts on adrenal cortex to release aldosterone and posterior pituitary to release ADH. Aldosterone and ADH acts on renal tubules to increase water and sodium reabsorption. This increases blood volume and blood pressure.