Question

I have to do a system disorder about heart failure

Answer 1

HEART FAILURE

DEFINITION - Heart failure is simply not a Disease but it comprises of number of symptoms hence it is a syndrome which is caused due to ventricular dysfunction.

ETIOLOGY-

TYPES	EXAMPLE
CARDIAC- Myocardial damage Valvular disorders Conduction defect Arrhythmia substrateavailability	-1)Myocardial infraction , myocarditis cardiomyopathy -2 )Aortic stenosis , mitral regurgitation. -3)AV node block. -4)Bardy and tachyarrythmia -5)ischaemia
SYSTEMIC- 1)Systemic etiology that increases the cardiac output demand. 2)disorder causing increased afterload.	-1) Paget's Disease, hyperthyroidism,Anemia -2) Hypertension , Aortic stenosis

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - The inability of heart to provide oxygen to organs for their metabolic needs leads to organ congestion.

Cardiac structural defects (Valvular disorder and congenital defects of heart) , changes in cardiomyocyte function and high metabolic demands results in heart failure.

CLASSIFICATION -

1) Systolic heart failure - This occurs due to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

2) Diastolic heart failure - This occurs due to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS - Fatigue , dyspnea and angina with varying mild , moderate or severe form depending on the extent of heart failure.

Complications -Left ventricular failure cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema can take place.

DIAGNOSIS -

*clinical evaluation
*Chest x-ray
*Echocardiography cardiac radionucleotide scan
* MRI
*BNP or N-terminal-pro-BNP levels
*ECG

TREATMENT-

• lifestyle change and patient education
• Treating the underlying disorder
• Medication
• Implantable devices such as ICDs.