The mechanism of action for sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone are similar, albeit in opposite sexes. What is the mechanism of action for each hormone. What are the common structures, pathways, and feedback loops in these pathways. Said another way: these mechanisms of action are not all that different, so that you can minimize what you are learning as new, what is the common pathway (structures and function) and then note the unique differences (structures and or function).

In sensory testing, we need to be aware of the issues concerning different populations. For each example below, describe why would be concerned about including the specific population.

a. Why exclude panelists with chronic dry mouth in the evaluation of lemonade?

b. Why exclude someone with a cold in the evaluation of an aromatic white wine?

c. Why exclude someone with dentition problems in the evaluation of potato chips?

d. Why exclude PROP non-tasters in the evaluation of sharp cheddar cheese?

1. Muscle can attach to bone either via tendon or attach in a___________manner.

2. Which class of lever will always represent the following: a muscle must exert more force than the force of resistance

   (weight lifted).

Emma Norton, aged 26, is admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of her COPD. Using your knowledge of the respiratory system (M2) and the cardiovascular system (M3), please answer the following questions below. Be sure to clearly label the different parts:

PART A / Emma undergoes a pulmonary lung function test. How would her total lung capacity test and her FEV1/FVC values compare to normal physiological values?

PART B / In hospital, Emma is placed on oxygen but develops respiratory depression. Explain why Emma stops breathing when she is administered oxygen.

PART C / Emma's COPD has caused pulmonary hypertension and subsequent failure of the right ventricle. What are the roles of venous pressure and capillary hydrostatic pressure in causing edema?

PART D /  Emma's right ventricular failure has caused a decrease in cardiac output. Explain which hormonal system will be activated and how it compensate for this.

discuss the physiological adaptations you would expect to find in foetal hemodynamics and in blood distribution to the various organs of the foetus in response to the fetal Acidosis condition

All of the complement pathways share certain components. What are these shared components?

Given each scenario, identify the type membrane transport used: (exocytosis, phagocytosis, endocytosis, transcytosis) (suggestion: create a rubric with your summary of each of these definitions, list an example of each that highlights the differences between and perhaps draw a picture. One thing expert physiologists due that they learned over time is to draw out physiology when they are given a question)

a. Epithelial cells can move compounds from one side of the epithelium to the other by this form of membrane transport b. A protein hormone is released from cells in the brain using this form of membrane transport

c. An endolysosome is formed during this membrane transport

d. Bacteria cleared from our bodies by this form of transport

Please answer the multiple choice -- please explain too!

1. As ventricular pressure increases during systole, the volume of blood in the ventricle....

a. increases

b. decreases

2. Which of these is FALSE about the ejection of blood from the left ventricle?

a. the pulmonary semilunar valve is open

b. the bicuspid valve is closed

c. the aortic semilunar valve is closed

d. the tricuspid valve is closed

3. During action potentials in the heart,

a. voltage-gated K+ channels slowly repolarize; voltage-gated Na+ channels slowly depolarize; voltage-gated calcium channels quickly depolarize; voltage gated K+ channels slowly repolarize

b. voltage-gated K+ channels quickly repolarize; voltage-gated Na+ channels quickly depolarize; voltage-gated calcium channels quickly depolarize; voltage gated K+ channels quickly repolarize

c. voltage-gated K+ channels quickly repolarize; voltage-gated Na+ channels slowly depolarize; voltage-gated calcium channels slowly depolarize; voltage gated K+ channels quickly repolarize

d. voltage-gated K+ channels quickly repolarize; voltage-gated Na+ channels quickly depolarize; voltage-gated calcium channels slowly depolarize; voltage gated K+ channels quickly repolarize

COMPARE FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPY WITH DARK FIELD MICROSCOPY . WHAT SIMILAR ADVANTAGE DO THEY PROVIDE? AND HOW DO THEY DIFFER?

If you cut your arm badly and lost a lot of blood, what local process(es) would take place at the site of the injury to stop the bleeding. Explain the three phases of this process.

In the same situation as the question above, how would your body replace the red blood cells that you lost? Provide 3 relevant pieces of information to obtain

please give me every single question answers in your own words with reference.

1. Uterus retains products of conception for 2 or more months after fetal death
2. The inability to achieve pregnancy after at least one year of regular intercourse without the use of contraception.
3. Hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels and low platelet count
4. Mass of dilated and twisted varicose veins in spermatic cord
5. Spontaneous loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies
6. Inability of male to achieve or maintain sufficient penile erection to complete intercourse.
7. Benign muscle tissue tumours of the uterus
8. Abnormal twisting of spermatic cord caused by rotation of a testis or the mesorchium
9. Vaginal bleeding during the first half of pregnancy
10. Non-neoplastic fluid-filled sacs on the ovary
11. Serious, rapidly developing carcinoma; neoplastic trophoblast cells proliferate and metastasize
12. General term used to refer to any infection of the oviducts and ovaries
13. Age-related changes in hormone activity in males causes enlargement of the prostate gland
14. The nonconclusive form of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
15. Non-malignant neoplasm that forms on the chorion; there may be grapelike vesicles in the vagina.

What 3 types of cells are found in lymph nodes?