Question

Humans are bipedal, terrestrial omnivores. As a species, we are adapted to quite a range of habitats, from deserts to mountains and from rain forests to tundra. Your job is to determine how humans might be adapted to live in a low gravity environment (half of Earth's gravity).

Write a brief description of the musculoskeletal system of a human that adapted to your environment, and why it would look the way it does. Consider the following:

• What would be required to support and move the body, and to support their lifestyle? You are encouraged to look up other (non-human; can be non-mammalian) animals that share these habitats for ideas.
• What if humans had evolved and were adapted to live in very specific habitats? In other words, it would still look *basically* like a human but would have some important differences related to its circulatory and/or breathing systems.
• What would these systems of a human that adapted to a different environment look like, and why would it look like this?
• You should consider the following parts of the musculoskeletal system in your answer: Bone length, Bone diameter, Bone density, Muscle type, location, and size, Anything else you think is important to the musculoskeletal system.

Answer 1

Circulatory problem in a low gravity environment.

there is several problem of the cardiovascular performance, cardiac rhythm problems due to impact of prolonged exercise counter measure, reduced physical performance and supine-standing test intolerance. There is cardio vascular control centres located in the medulla integrate sensory feedback, feed-forward and predictive neural vectors by gethering receptor input from barorectors in the carotial and aortic bodies. There is important role of the heart of our carculatory system but human leave in the low gravity environment in which the heart does not need to work as hard to send blood to the upper body as it does when it working against gravity. This cause blood volume to increase in the upper body. Breathing system problem in low gravity environment due to even ventilation in the lung through the deformation of lung tissue in this condition is called slinky effect, and uneven perfusion through a combination of the slinky effect and the zone model of pulmonary perfusion. Both ventilation and perfusion exhibit persisting heterogencity in low gravity indicating important in which breathing system. However gravity serves to maintain a degree of matching of these two processes so that the ventilation/perfusion ratio and thus gas exchange, remains efficient.

Musculoskeletal system problem in low gravity environment.

There is effect of musculoskeletal system due to muscle loss, low gravity leads to increased bone resorption, decreased bone mineral density and increase fracture risks. There is bone resorption leads to increased urinary levels of calcium. The effect of musculoskeletal system is actually sensitive to change in the biomechanical environment due to musculoskeletal system is depends upon the biomechanics of human body, in which change in the biomechanics of human body then due to change in the musculoskeletal system.