Please explain what cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is, how it is made (structures involved); and discuss its complete circulation (as explained in the lecture). You must reply to at least one student's explanation to receive credit.

What is a neuromuscular junction? List and describe the junction. List and describe the roles of the chemicals involved at that site

why would Streptococcus pyogenes most concerns you?
What prevention strategies exist for your selected disease? add sources

What is the value in wearing proper footwear while performing various activities? How can this affect the structure or function of the foot?

1. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding a hematocrit:

1. a manual hematocrit is an underestimation of the true value which is obtained via the automated method
2. it is the percentage of RBCs in sample of whole blood
3. it provides an indication of the oxygen-carrying capacity of an individual
4. it is the packed cell volume divided by the volume of a whole blood sample

2. Which of the following is incorrect regarding a packed cell volume (PCV):

1. PCV is not the same thing as a hematocrit
2. a person with anemia will likely have a lower PCV than a normal person
3. if you are dehydrated, you will have a higher PCV than normal
4. blood doping leads to an increased PCV

Explain in 300 words, please be detailed: Do present eating habits and food production processes alter modern sexual development? How so? Can anything be done to undo these modern changes? Are regulatory agencies doing enough to assist? Why or why not?

Nicotine acts upon the nervous system. What kinds of effects would you expect nicotine to have on the body? How would that be manifested?

IN YOUR OWN WORDS:

Discuss the four stages of urine formation: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, and water conservation.

In your own words, describe the physiologic functions of the following gastric secretions: hydrochloric acid, pepsin, gastric lipase, intrinsic factor. In your own words, describe the stages of gastric activity: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal.

Use the following choices to answer questions 31 – 35.

a.) salivary amylase                                        b.) cholesterol                          c.) pharynx                                                     d.) cephalic                                                     e.) chyme

1. Gastric bypass is a procedure used for weight loss or as a treatment for gastric cancers. In extreme cases the stomach is removed entirely, connecting the esophagus directly to the duodenum. Considering a patient who has had their entire stomach removed, describe how this would impact their digestion and absorption of macronutrients. Consider both mechanical and chemical digestion and be specific in your answer. You only need to describe what would be impacted; you do not need to list what wouldn’t be affected.

1. Jean is a 45-year-old male who presents to the emergency department complaining of a headache and mild chest pain. He has no SOB or diaphoresis. The triage nurse takes his blood pressure and gets a value of 140/120. What is his pulse pressure and MAP? Are these values normal? If not, what is considered the normal range? What are some possible consequences if this is not corrected?

Patient scenario

Mr. Singh is a 38-year old who practices power lifting 4 times per week. Usually Mr. Singh can “grip it and rip it” when performing 113 kg deadlifts but recently he has been having difficulty gripping the bar and experiencing fatigue and tingling in his hands. Mr. Singh’s trainer, Josephine, recommends he take a week off of working out before pushing his body any further. Dan returns to the gym a week later and attempts to bench press at a lighter weight to get warmed up. Josephine has to quickly spot him in a missed attempt. Mr. Singh becomes despondent and admits something might be wrong because he is still experiencing tingling, pain and weakness in his hands and now his feet as well.

Discussion Question:  Research Mr. Singh's symptoms and determine a differential diagnosis by listing at least two different possible conditions that match some or all of Mr. Singh's symptoms. Justify why you selected each of the conditions on your list.

Write a detailed answer to the discussion question. Your post must be at least 3-4 sentences per differential diagnosis

1. Cardiogenic shock results from a serious heart condition such as a myocardial infarction, slow or dangerous heart rhythms, or even ruptures to the valves or walls of the heart. Describe how cardiogenic shock would impact cardiac output and mean arterial pressure, then describe how the autonomic nervous system would respond to this. How could this response be potentially detrimental to both the heart and organs? You do not need to detail specific receptors and chemicals in the autonomic response.

7. Prolonged use of a specific class of anti-psychotic agents can lead to excessive release of the hormone prolactin from the pituitary gland. (This can actually lead to excess lactation, even in men). Prolactin has a negative feedback effect on GnRH in the hypothalamus. Describe the how these antipsychotics would impact ovulation in females and sperm production in men. Ensure you include chemicals and cell types where appropriate. (150-200 words; 10 marks)