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Courses Name: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology BIOL102

yeeees .. For HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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Q) Choose any system of the human body and prepare a response to the following questions in 1-2 pages:

1. Introduction(Explain the system with the components)
2. Body(Explain how the system relates to achieve homeostasis in human body)
3. Conclusion( Choose any disease common in KSA and explain how and which part of the system is affected)

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HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Human circulatory system is responsible for flow of blood , nutrients , oxygen and other gases , hormones and drugs to and from cells . It consist of heart , blood , lungs, arteries , veins , capillary , coronary and portal vessels.

Heart: It is a muscular organ and is located behind and slightly left of breast bone of rib cage . It contains four Chambers , two atria and two ventricles. It pumps blood through the network of arteries and veins called the cardiovascular system.

Lungs: pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs , where carbon dioxide is released and oxygen picked up during respiration.

Veins: They carry deoxygenated blood from all parts of body to heart .

Arteries: They carry oxygenated blood from heart to all parts of body.

Portal vessels: carry blood from gastrointestinal tract , gall bladder , pancreas and spleen to liver.

Coronary vessels: coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle . Coronary veins drain deoxygenated blood from it.

Capillary : They carry blood between arterioles and venules.

Blood: It is a body fluid that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to cells and transport metabolic waste away from cells.

Parasympathetic and sympathetic system control heart rate . Through these system body reacts to it's internal and external environments to change heart rate and maintain homeostasis .For instance take the case , when a person starts to exercise , body stops parasympathetic stimulation of heart , so the rate can increase , bring more oxygen and nutrients to muscles. As the exercise rate increases sympathetic system begin sending signals to the heart to raise rate even more. As a measure of maintaining homoeostasis increased rate of waste products are removed.

Respiratory diseases are one of the major diseases found in the inhabitants of Saudi Arabia. Asthma, lung cancer , tuberculosis ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are prevalent. Cardio vascular diseases like hyper tension and fluctuation in blood pressure are also prevalent.

Answer 1

The circulatory system is made up of blood vessels that carry blood away from and towards the heart. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood back to the heart. The circulatory system carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes waste products, like carbon dioxide.

HEART: The heart is roughly cone shaped hollow muscular organ. It is in the thoracic cavity in the mediasternum between the lungs. It has 4 chambers : the right and left atrium, the right and left ventricles, which through a network of arteries and veins pumps blood.

LUNGS:As oxygen is going into the bloodstream, carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli and then makes its journey out of the body. This process is called gas exchange. When a person breathes shallowly, carbon dioxide accumulates inside the body.

VEINS: Blood vessels forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood towards the heart.

ARTERIES: Blood vessels forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-rich blood from the heart.

PORTAL SYSTEM :Portal system is a system of blood vessels that begins and ends in capillaries. Hepatic portal carries nutrients from digestion to the liver to store and metabolize, after a meal.

CORONARY VESSELS: Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to heart. Coronary veins take away the oxygen depleted blood from heart.

BLODD CAPILLARIES:Exchanges materials between blood and tissue cells.

BLOOD:

Is isa one of the major connective tissue.It brings oxygen and nutrients to all the parts of the body so they can keep working. Blood carries carbon dioxide and other waste materials to the lungs, kidneys, and digestive system to be removed from the body. Blood also fights infections, and carries hormones around the body.

Homeostasis refers to stability, balance, or equilibrium within a cell or the body. It is an organism’s ability to keep a constant internal environment.During exercise, homeostasis is achieved by increasing heart rate and more oxygen rich blood is supplied to the muscles.

One of the main dieases faced by Saudi Arabian inhabitants is Respiratory disease.Asthma,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD),Chronic Bronchitis,Emphysema,Lung Cancer,Cystic Fibrosis/Bronchiectasis,Pneumonia,Pleural Effusion are main respiratory diseases...