Explain the effects to Neurons specifically in each of the following diseases…think generalized 1 sentence answers

1) Multiple Sclerosis

2) ALS-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

3) Parkinson's Disease

4) Alzheimer's Disease

• Understanding the interaction between a protein and its ligand at a molecular level is important in drug design. Based on your understanding of chemical specificity, do you think drugs should be designed to be highly specific to the target site or less specific? Think about side effects and the fact that mutations (resulting in changes in protein composition) are often present – discuss advantages and disadvantages of a drug that is highly specific to its target?

Doctor, you have a very unusual patient that has both nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and nephrotic syndrome. First, describe how this patient would appear (present) in your clinic. Second, describe the tests that you would order to confirm each of these diseases. Third, what is the course of treatment and medication that you would order for this patient.

Identify the difference between (Define, but focus on signs and symptoms)

Trace the blood flow from start to end

1. Start: great saphenous vein; end: internal iliac artery

2. Start: internal jugular vein: end brachial artery

3. Start: phrenic vein; end: gastic artery

4. Start: brachial vein; end: common carotid

Name all of the proteins involved in the sliding filament theory and their respective roles. And explain how muscle excitation and contraction are coupled.

Response time and Linearity is an important factor to choose a sensor for medical applications.
Explain how can we reduce the time response and increase the linearity of it.

please given the solution

Classify the following items into Direct and Indirect measurements, sampling or continuous, and
real or delayed time signals, mentioning the reason behind your choice:
1. EEG signal measurement, to analyse the phyological behaviour of the brain.
2. Temprature measurement, to detect the degree of infection of the body.
3. CT scan image of the heart, to measure the volume of the heart.
4. The digital blood pressure measurement device, to measure the response to blood pressue related
medicine.
5. EOG signal, to measure the visual defects in eye (like farsightedness, astigmatism, and presbyopia).

Describe the anatomy and histology of the lungs

Explain in detail the primary mechanism that determines urine concentration and how urine concentration is regulated (ok to ignore the role of aldosterone). Be sure to include: (1) a description of the mechanism that allows concentrated urine to be produced, including the structures involved, and the specific roles they have in the mechanism. (2) Describe the primary hormone that determines urine concentration, and the negative feedback system regulates its secretion (include all components). (3) Lastly, describe two scenarios, one when the hormone levels would be high, and one when the hormone levels would be low and explain how the system helps maintain homeostasis during these conditions. Discus each separately.

Discuss the function/s and structures of the Digestive body systems. Include in your essay at least 5 different structures that contribute to the functions you choose. Discuss the anatomy of the chosen structures and explain *HOW they contribute to the overall function.

Describe how glomerular filtration rate is regulated. Be sure to include both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, and explain how and when they operate.

Describe the mechanism for reabsorption of water, glucose and Na+ in the PCT.

Not Really an essay. Filtration is a relatively non-selective process. Make a list of the specific substances that pass through the filtration membrane. Make another list of the substances that do not. Are there any advantages for using a non-selective process in producing filtrate? Are there any disadvantages?

Gas Transport in the Blood. Efficient oxygen exchange requires the reversible binding of oxygen to hemoglobin. Describe the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. Include a labeled figure that clearly shows this relationship. Then, explain in detail the significance of the relationship by discussing what is seen in “average” body tissues and tissues that are metabolically active (name them). Then, explain in detail the significance of the relationship with respect to (modestly) high elevation. Lastly, describe in detail the additional factors that influence the loading and unloading of oxygen and explain their significance. Your explanations will need to include supporting evidence/facts/or conclusions. Be sure to explicitly state the significance in each case and support your statements. A significant number of points are awarded for doing so. For example for each section where you have to explain the significance try: “This is significant because…” then explain why it is important.