1. A. List the components of each of the three layers that make up a typical arterial blood vessel.

B. Describe the differences in the middle layer structure between elastic and muscular arteries plus arterioles.

C. Describe the two pathways leading to the formation of a clot and the factors that initiate each of these pathways.

2. A. List the four different layers or tunics associated with the digestive tract from the esophagus to the rectum and the components found in each layer.

B. For the layer facing the lumen, list the three modifications noted in the small intestine that are associated with an increase in surface area.

C. In which layer are blood and lymph vessels found?

D. Describe the major differences between the stomach wall and the wall of the esophagus.

Choose the one item on the right that best relates to the item on the left. Each answer choice is only used once.

What are 3 molecular pathways in astrocytes that can result in epileptogenesis?

1. A. Besides MSH, list the 8 major hormones released from the pituitary gland

B. State which portion of the pituitary releases each hormone and list each hormone’s target tissue and function.

C.list at least one releasing hormone associated with each hormone listed in part A.

2.A. Describe the cardiac cycle and state when the heart sounds occur.

B. Describe the process of erythropoiesis

QUESTION 23

1. ___ is produced from hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitary gland.

   		ACTH
   		ADH
   		Growth hormone
   		Prolactin

QUESTION 24

1. The blind spot of the eye is where ___.

   		the optic nerve leaves the eye
   		more rod cells are found than cone cells
   		the macula lutea is located
   		only cone cells exist

1 points   

QUESTION 25

1. Which of the following is responsible for the coordination of muscle movement?

   		pons
   		hypothalamus
   		cerebellum
   		medulla oblongata

1 points   

QUESTION 26

1. The aqueous humor ___.

   		is located in the posterior segment of eye
   		returns to blood through scleral venous sinus
   		is produced only in embryos
   		is a viscous gel-like material

1 points   

QUESTION 27

1. Which of the following statements about hormones is FALSE?

   		Hormones are released by endocrine cells.
   		Hormones directly control nervous system.
   		Hormones are carried to their targets through blood circulation.
   		Hormones only work on cells with the appropriate receptors.

Hydrocephaly or an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid what most likely eventually result since the tumor would prevent normal movement and uptake of the liquid?

How much do you know about respiratory therapy? For this discussion, describe some

aspect of a respiratory therapists's work. Avoid information already stated in the

classroom or by other students.  Your response should be a minimum of 100 words,

Urinary System Review Questions

1: How do you predict whether this sample is hyper- osmotic, hypo-osmotic or iso-osmotic to the extra cellular fluid (ECF) and how do you predict whether the kidney is reabsorbing proportionately more solute or more water from the filtrate?

2:How do you predict whether the production of urine of a particular hydrogen ion concentration has to increase or decrease the hydrogen ion concentration of the ECF

3:Explain why protein is not normally present in urine although it is a major constituent of plasma and list two situations where presence of protein in the urine is normal

4:State whether there is likely to be a higher or lower concentration of ketone bodies in the urine of an individual who is starving or is an untreated diabetic

Why does hearing decrease if an ear infection causes fluid buildup in the middle ear? What value are the tubes that are sometimes surgically placed in the eardrums for patients with a history of repeated middle ear infections accompanied by chronic fluid accumulation?

You are prodding your blindfolded lab partner’s arm with two need probes. Sometimes she can tell you are using two probes. But when you probe a less sensitive areas, she thinks there is only one probe. Which sense are you testing? Which receptors are stimulated? Explain why sometimes she feels only one probe.

One treatment for patients suffering from widespread swelling (widespread accumulation of interstitial fluid; called "anasarca") is a two-pronged approach which involves:

1. Administration of exogenous albumin, a protein already found in high concentrations in the plasma, and

2. Administration of Lasix, a diuretic.

Based on your understanding of filtration, reabsorption, and fluid homeostasis, why would this combination help remove accumulated interstitial fluid and contribute it to urine?

1. how sperm are formed and delivered by the male reproductive anatomy into the female reproductive anatomy

2. where ova come from and how and where the gametes meet.

Explain how the sympathetic nervous system acts to directly regulate stroke volume. Include a detailed description of the mechanism (include the target cells, the proteins, signaling molecules, ions, and changes in membrane potential where appropriate). What effect does this have on cardiac output? This will take about half a page to describe.