Question

1. Identify and describe the function of major organelles and structures in eukaryotic cells

2. Identify and describe the function of major structures in bacterial cells

Answer 1

Answer 1

Functionsof major organelles in eukaryotic cells are:

1. Nucleus - it stores the genetic material of the cell. DNA synthesis and RNA transcription occurs here.
2. Mitochondria - it is the powerhouse of the cell, involved in the energy(ATP) generation.
3. Vacuole - its function is of storing substances, whether it be a food, air or water.
4. Golgi apparatus - involved in the packaging of proteins, sorting and modification of proteins occur here.
5. Endoplasmic reticulum - lipid formation
6. Ribosomes - it is known as protein factory, because protein is formed in this organelle.
7. Flagellum - it is the locomotory organ which helps in moving from one place to another. It is placed at the periphery of the cell and also is sensory in nature.

Answer 2

Functions of major structures in bacterial cell are:

1. Cell wall - provides structural integrity and protects the cell from bursting up because of internal turgor pressure.
2. Plasma membrane - serves as the permeability barrier for many molecules.
3. Fimbriae - these are short protein tubes which functions to facilitate the attachment of a bacteria to a surface or to another cell.
4. Pili - these are similar to fimbriae but longer in length. They helps in bacterial conjugation.
5. Flagella - whip like structures involved in motility of bacteria.
6. Ribosomes - they are the site of protein synthesis in all living organism.
7. Cytoskeleton - they have function of shape determination, protection and cell division.