Please match the following prevention activities for metabolic syndrome with the level (primary, secondary, tertiary) and focus (individual vs. population). City planning for a built environment that favors walking and biking Answer 1 Nutrition and exercise counseling Answer 2 Screening for diabetes at a doctor's office Answer 3 A physician's referral to cardiac rehabilitation clinics Answer 4 A community exercise group for those diagnosed Answer 5 System-wide Integration of smoking cessation programs with clinics treating diabetic, coronary heart disease and stroke patients.

Calculate savings, autonomous consumption, MPC, MPS, break even income, and the equilibrium level of income (Y = AE = C + I + G + NX) in the above given information.

Draw a graph showing disposable income (Yd) on the horizontal axis and aggregate expenditures (AE)

on the vertical axis with a 45 degree line. Graph consumption curve (CC) and AE (AE = C + I) curve on this graph. Indicate equilibrium level of income on this graph.

You can draw the graph by hand but label the axis and the curves clearly.

Biotech Limited

Financial year end 30 June 2020

You are an auditor in Smit & Chandra, a mid-tier audit firm. Your firm is the incumbent auditor on Biotech Ltd, a pharmaceutical company. Since the previous audit, the company has listed on the Australian Securities Exchange which means the company has to meet additional reporting regulations. Due to rapid growth, Biotech Ltd is financially stretched and its accounting systems are struggling to cope with the growth in the business. You recently read an article in the Australian Financial Review, which stated that Biotech Ltd is currently under investigation by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) for alleged failure to pay the appropriate amount of Pay As You Go (PAYG) tax on their payroll.

Biotech Ltd is a pharmaceutical company, developing drugs to be licensed for use around the world. Products include medicines such as tablets, medical gels and creams. The market is very competitive, encouraging rapid product innovation. New products are continually in development and improvements are made to existing formulations. Drugs must meet very stringent regulatory requirements prior to being licensed for production and sale. You are aware that during the 2020 financial year, Biotech Ltd lost several customer contracts to overseas competitors.

Biotech Ltd approached its bank during the year to extend its borrowing facilities. An extension of $20 million was sought to its existing loan to support the on-going development of new drugs. The long-term borrowings are subject to debt covenants in which the company must maintain a current ratio of 3.5:1.

In addition, the company asked the bank to make cash of $5 million available if an existing court case against the company is successful. The court case is being brought by an individual who suffered severe side effects when participating in a clinical trial in 2016.

On 8 June 2020, the Company announced to the market it had been the victim of a cyber-security incident that resulted in supplier and customer details being disclosed on the dark web. The Company is assessing the costs of the incident and the subsequent reduction in revenue. The Company expects this to have a material impact on future earnings.

In December 2019, the internal audit department of Biotech Ltd performed a review of the operation of controls over processing of overtime payments in the Payroll department. It was found that the company’s specified internal control procedures in relation to the processing of overtime payments were not followed.

Below are some results of the analytical review procedures performed by the Senior Auditor (David) during the planning stage:

Sales                                                                                                            12.5% decrease since prior year

Net profit after tax                                                                                20% decrease since prior year

Accounts payable                                                                                   15% decrease since prior year

Cash at Bank                                                                                             16% increase since prior year

Accounts receivable                                                                              18% increase since prior year

Inventories                                                                                               6%   increase since prior year

Current ratio:                                                                                            3.6:1

Debt to Equity ratio:                                                                               0.6

Minutes from the Audit Planning meeting with Simon Jones (Finance Director of Biotech Ltd) held on 30^th April 2020:

Due to the current government restrictions, the planning meeting with Simon Jones was held via Zoom. In attendance at the meeting was the Audit Partner (Michael), the Audit Manager (Amanda) and the Audit Senior (David).

The following key items were discussed during the meeting:

• Mr Jones raised concerns about the conduct of the previous audit, stating numerous examples of when he and his staff had been interrupted when they were busy. He stated that he wanted guarantees that this year's audit will be more efficient, less intrusive and cheaper, otherwise he will seek an alternative auditor in future.
• Michael reminded Mr Jones that fees relating to the audit engagement from the previous year were still outstanding.
• Both Michael and Mr Jones also discussed the range of non-audit services provided to Biotech Ltd, which includes payroll preparation, tax computation and advice.
• Mr Jones gave the audit team an update on the court case pertaining to the individual who suffered severe side effects from a company trial (refer above). According to legal advice provided to Mr Jones by the company’s legal counsel, it is more likely than not that Biotech will lose the court case, which would result in a significant amount of cash having to be paid as a settlement.
• Amanda asked Mr Jones if he considered the decline in profitability as an indicator of a material uncertainty surrounding the going concern assumption. Mr Jones responded by saying, “Look, everything might seem dire, but we have it under control. We will be here this time next year, so keep that in mind”. Michael then looked at Amanda and David and said, “Make sure that you mention the conversation that we have just had with Mr Jones about the appropriateness of the going concern assumption in the audit working papers. This should be sufficient enough audit evidence for us.”
• Mr Jones also mentioned the following: “As you know, Biotech Ltd has a Goodwill asset on the balance sheet. This is an indefinite useful life intangible asset. In accordance with the Accounting Standards (AASB 138), we are required to test the asset for impairment every year. We usually prepare a Value in Use calculation based on discounted future cash flows that we expect to generate in the next five years. I have completed this year’s calculation by rolling forward the prior year’s calculation and have just updated the dates. There was no need to update the future cash flow figures.”

The Audit Team

The audit team consists of 4 people. The partner is Michael. He has been the audit partner on the Biotech Ltd audit for 6 years. The audit manager is Amanda. This is Amanda’s first time on the Biotech Ltd audit. David is the audit senior and is responsible for the initial audit planning. David has recently completed the Graduate Diploma of Chartered Accounting. David has just been offered a well-paying accountant position at Biotech but he has not yet decided whether to accept the position. The graduate on the audit is Audrey. Audrey’s friend is the receptionist at Biotech Ltd. The receptionist has no accounting knowledge and has no involvement with the recording or processing of accounting transactions.

Accounts Receivable / Sales Accounting Cycle and Internal Control System

At the end of each month, the sales manager determines the amount of products required to meet sales demand for the following month based on sales orders received. He reviews the sales orders received from customers and then prepares the pre-numbered inventory requisition forms, which he then sends to the warehouse managers so that they can prepare the goods for delivery. One copy of the sales order and inventory requisition form is sent to the warehouse, one copy is sent to the accounts receivable department and one copy is filed in the sales department.

The warehouse prepares the goods for delivery to the customers and generates the delivery document. When the goods have been delivered, the signed delivery document, which includes the delivery details, is forwarded to the accounts receivable department. The other copy is filed in the warehouse. The accounts receivable clerk matches the signed delivery document with the sales order and inventory requisition form. Once satisfied that all of the details agree, the clerk generates the sales invoice. Once generated, the clerk does another check to ensure that all details per the sales invoice agrees to the delivery document and sales order. Once satisfied, she writes “checked” on the sales invoice and sends it to the customer. At the end of every week, a different clerk in the Accounts Receivable team reviews the bank statements for receipt of payments from customers and performs a reconciliation against the sales invoices. Once a customer has paid the sales invoice, the clerk stamps “received” on the sales invoice and files that along with all the other documents in date order.

The walk-through of the accounts receivable/sales cycle confirmed that the accounting and internal control system was working as documented above.

Test of control:

As part of the audit, Audrey tested the controls over the accounts receivable system. She selected a sample of twenty sales transactions and tested the control that all details had been checked. Out of the 20 sales transactions that were selected for testing, 5 sales invoices in the sample did not have the word “checked” written on them. When documenting the results of the test performed, Audrey concluded that the internal control did not operate effectively and consistently throughout the year but that no further audit work is required.

Substantive test

In order to test the occurrence of the sales transactions, Audrey selected a sample of sales invoices and traced them to the General Ledger to test that they were properly recorded.

Subsequent events not previously mentioned

• One of Biotech Ltd’s major customers went into liquidation in July 2020. The balance due from the customer at 30 June 2020 was $564,000. This is a material amount. There has been no provision/allowance for doubtful debts raised for this debtor in the financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2020. Biotech Ltd’s legal adviser stated in a telephone call that that the probability of any funds being received from the debtor is remote.

• On 2 July 2020, Biotech Ltd declared a one-for-five rights issue of 100,000 shares at $2.20. These shares were payable in full on 31 July 2020.

What is the independence of the audit team?

1. The Super Bowl Indicator Theory suggests that the stock market will have a positive year if the team in the National Football Conference, or a team with an NFC origin, wins. If the American Football Conference team wins, the market will fall. According to the recent news (MarketWatch, 2/6/2017), it has accurately predicted the direction of the market for the year following 40 of the 50 Super Bowls since the first super bowl in 1967. Why do we have such phenomena? Is the finding consistent with market efficiency? Please discuss.

7.6

Stocks A and B have the following probability distributions of expected future returns:

1. Calculate the expected rate of return, , for Stock B ( = 12.30%.) Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

     %

2. Calculate the standard deviation of expected returns, σ_A, for Stock A (σ_B = 17.70%.) Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

     %

   Now calculate the coefficient of variation for Stock B. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

   Is it possible that most investors might regard Stock B as being less risky than Stock A?

   1. If Stock B is less highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a lower beta than Stock A, and hence be less risky in a portfolio sense.
   2. If Stock B is less highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a higher beta than Stock A, and hence be more risky in a portfolio sense.
   3. If Stock B is more highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a higher beta than Stock A, and hence be less risky in a portfolio sense.
   4. If Stock B is more highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a lower beta than Stock A, and hence be less risky in a portfolio sense.
   5. If Stock B is more highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have the same beta as Stock A, and hence be just as risky in a portfolio sense.

   -Select-IIIIIIIVVItem 4

3. Assume the risk-free rate is 3.5%. What are the Sharpe ratios for Stocks A and B? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to four decimal places.

   Stock A:

   Stock B:

   Are these calculations consistent with the information obtained from the coefficient of variation calculations in Part b?

   1. In a stand-alone risk sense A is less risky than B. If Stock B is less highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a higher beta than Stock A, and hence be more risky in a portfolio sense.
   2. In a stand-alone risk sense A is more risky than B. If Stock B is less highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a lower beta than Stock A, and hence be less risky in a portfolio sense.
   3. In a stand-alone risk sense A is more risky than B. If Stock B is less highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a higher beta than Stock A, and hence be more risky in a portfolio sense.
   4. In a stand-alone risk sense A is less risky than B. If Stock B is more highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have the same beta as Stock A, and hence be just as risky in a portfolio sense.
   5. In a stand-alone risk sense A is less risky than B. If Stock B is less highly correlated with the market than A, then it might have a lower beta than Stock A, and hence be less risky in a portfolio sense.

   -Select-IIIIIIIVVItem 7

Explain why there is a steep slope in a section of the titration curve and explain how it can be used in calculations ?

1. Borg Power Trains produces drive-train components for all-wheel automobiles. For the year ended June 30, 2015 the budged and actual results are as follows:

Required:

-What is the total budget variance for the year?

-Budgets projected sales of 100,000 clutches at $30.27 each (variable cost $19.08) and 90,000 transfer cases at $49 each (variable costs $29.50). Borg sold 110,00 clutches for $3,305,000 and 100,000 transfer cases for $5,000,000. What is the flexible budget variance and the sales volume variance in contribution margin?

-What are the sales-mix and sales-quantity variances?

-Assuming a projected market of 2 million clutches and 2.5 million transfer cases and actual market sales of 2.4 million clutches and 2.6 million transfer cases, calculate the market size and market share variances for clutches.

o   you (the charge nurse)

o   ICU staff RN - with 2 years of experience,

o   ICU staff RN - just finished 6-month orientation to the ICU

o   a float RN from oncology unit

o   an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) with 1 year of experience in the ICU

topic 1: Using Guidelines for Delegation and Assignment-Making

You are the charge nurse on an intensive care unit (ICU). There are five patients on the unit today. You need to make appropriate assignments. Explain your rationale for each assignment. Include specific instructions that the charge nurse needs to communicate with each staff member regarding their assignment.

Patient #1 - Trauma victim from two days ago, has a C4-5 fracture. Currently in a medically induced coma so the extent of injury is not known. Patient does have endotracheal (ET) tube in place and is on the ventilator.

Patient #2 - Elderly patient who had a cardiac catheterization three hours ago with two vessels stented. There is a continuous heparin drip per protocol. Orders include bedrest, keep left leg flat for 12 hours, continuous cardiac monitor and oximetry.

Patient #3 - Teenager with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Admitted through the emergency department (ED) with blood glucose of 592 mg/dL, restless and agitated. Orders include IV 0.9% NS at 125 mL/hr and insulin drip with hourly accuchecks.

Patient #4 - Patient admitted from neurologist’s office with abrupt onset of profound lower extremity weakness. Admitting diagnosis is rule out Guillian-Barré syndrome. Orders include hourly neurological testing, pulmonary function testing and administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) daily.

Patient #5 - Patient with acute renal failure of unknown origin. Patient is confused. Serum ammonia level is 82 mcg/dL. BUN 32 mg/dL, Creatinine 2.9 mg/dL. Patient will begin hemodialysis therapy in the next hour.

The staff available for this shift include you (the charge nurse), and ICU staff RNs - one with 2 years of experience, one who just finished 6 month orientation to the ICU, a float RN from oncology unit and an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) with 1 year experience on the ICU.

The Summary Open Quiz is an opportunity for you to prepare for class and assess the knowledge and skills gained at the conclusion of class. These areas will be covered by your instructor. Use your reading and knowledge and skills to answer these questions and bring your written answers to class. Briefly discuss three important considerations that contribute to a "culture of safety". Briefly discuss the regulatory requirements for maintaining a safe environment. Briefly discuss two quality indicators and their impact on health outcomes. What data sets can be used for clinical decision making? How do the use of data sets impact clinical judgment, minimize risk, and reduce errors?

The following events shift either the supply or demand curve for American-made automobiles. Draw a set of market supply and demand curve that illustrates each of the following historical events: Serious strikes hit the auto industry during the 1930s. During World War II, producers of automobiles converted their factories to war production. In 1973, oil prices rose dramatically. Pick-up trucks, mini-vans, and recreation vehicles gained popularity in the 1980s, and many families bought such vehicles rather than automobiles.

Consider the following hourly demand and cost schedule for a firm facing a fixed price of $ 6.00 per unit. (Tπ, is Total Profit).

  Q    P             TR    MR    TFC       TVC          TC         MC           ATC          AVC         Tπ

  0    $6.00                                                               $2.00            

  1                                                           4              

  2                                                           6              

  3                                                           8             

  4                                                           11             

  5                                                           15                     

  6                                                          20             

7.                                                       26             

8                                                           33           

  9                                                           41           

10                                                       50

11                                                       60

1. Complete the columns for ATC, AVC, and MC as well as those for (TC), TVC, & TFC.  
2. Draw the curves for Demand, MR (Marginal Revenue), ATC, AVC, and MC, all in one diagram. Also draw the Total Revenue (TR), Total Cost (TC), TVC, and TFC in a second diagram right below the first one.

3. Determine, in order to maximize profit, how many units should this firm produce and why?
4. Calculate the total profit at the profit-maximizing level and demonstrate it graphically and geometrically in the diagrams wherever applicable.

2. The stock repurchase is a decision by companies to buy their own shares in an effort to help boost earnings per share and stock prices. A recent article published on WSJ (https://www.wsj.com/articles/companies-mull-suspending-ramping-up-share-buyback-plans-amid-coronavirus-11584477343) reported that finance chiefs are debating whether to make share repurchases or hold on to cash as stock prices fall on fears surrounding the coronavirus pandemic since the S&P 500 has plummeted about 25% from Feb. 18. Some companies appear to be taking advantage of the down market, announcing plans to scoop up shares. Others, however, have said they would suspend share buyback plans to preserve cash and exercise caution in an uncertain period. They argue that they need to stay sufficiently capitalized to resist financial hits from economic conditions spurred by the pandemic. In some instances, businesses have opted to raise cash by drawing down credit facilities with lenders. Why have selected companies decided to suspend their share repurchases? Why have other companies authorized share repurchases? If you were the CFO of a retail business like the Gap, what would you do? If you were the CFO of Oracle, what would you do?

HL Construction Co. plans to replace one of its manufacturing equipment for a newer more technology-advance one. The new equipment has a purchase price of $8,000 and will be depreciated as a 7-year class for MACRS. Installation costs for the new equipment are $200. It is estimated that this equipment can be sold in 4 years (end of project) for $5,000. This new equipment is more efficient than the existing one and thus savings before taxes using the new equipment are $4,000 a year. Because of the advance technology of new equipment, there will be a reduction in inventory of $400 today and which will be reverted at the end of the project in year 4.

This existing equipment was purchased 1 year ago at a base price of $3,000. Installation costs at the time for this old equipment were $100. The existing equipment is considered also 7-year class for MACRS. The existing equipment can be sold today for $1,000 and for $0 in 4 years. The company's marginal tax rate is 30% and the cost of capital is 10%.

Answer the 7 questions below.

MACRS Fixed Annual Expense Percentages by Recovery Class

Year        3-Year    5-Year    7-Year    10-Year 15-Year

1              33.33%   20.00%   14.29%   10.00%   5.00%

2              44.45%   32.00%   24.49%   18.00%   9.50%

3              14.81%   19.20%   17.49%   14.40%   8.55%

4              7.41%     11.52%   12.49%   11.52%   7.70%

5                              11.52%   8.93%     9.22%     6.93%

6                              5.76%     8.93%     7.37%     6.23%

7                                              8.93%     6.55%     5.90%

8                                              4.45%     6.55%     5.90%

9                                                              6.56%     5.91%

10                                                           6.55%     5.90%

11                                                           3.28%     5.91%

12                                                                           5.90%

13                                                                           5.91%

14                                                                           5.90%

15                                                                           5.91%

16                                                                          2.95%

For your answer, round to the nearest dollar, do not enter the $ sign, use commas to separate thousands, use a negative sign in front of first number is the cash flow is negative (do not use parenthesis to indicate negative cash flows). For example, if your answer is $3,005.87 then enter 3,006; if your answer is -$1,200.25 then enter -1,200

1. What is today's remaining book value of existing equipment?

2. What is the project's initial cash flows (initial outlay: IO) at Year 0?

3. What is the incremental net operating profit (ΔNOPAT) for Year 4 of this replacement project?

4. What is the incremental cash flow (ΔFCF also known as ΔOCF) for Year 4?

5. What is the cash flow due to tax on salvage value of new equipment at Year 4? If this is a cash outflow put the negative sign (-) in front of the value ** do not use parentheses. If it is a cash inflow, then just enter the number

6. What is the after tax salvage value of the new equipment at Year 4?

7. What is the project's total incremental cash flow for Year 4?

Revenue Recognition for ABC Software Company under ASC 606

ABC COMPANY was stumped by U.S. accounting rules for revenue recognition and gave up trying to comply with them.  The Japanese giant recognized this would lead to the delisting of its ADR shares on NASDAQ.  ABC also said it would be able to file its 2006 annual report under U.S. GAAP and it couldn’t vouch for its financial statements since 2000.  ABC COMPANY said a restatement was not practicable because of the complexities.  ABC noted that its financial statements under Japanese GAAP are current and not affected by this announcement.  

Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, revenue recognition rules are complicated for software companies whose contracts combine the sale of software with maintenance service agreements.  Previously, a standard called SOP 97-2 for companies wishing to recognize the software-sales revenue up front must perform an analysis of such contracts that provides “vendor specific objective evidence” (VSOP) of consistent treatment of sales and service.  That analysis, which ABC COMPANY says it has been unable to complete, required before portions of revenue from a single contract can be broken out and recognized at different times.  ABC says it is unable to complete the VSOE analysis for its auditor in time to file the annual report for the year ending March 31, 2006 even though ABC had previously been warned by NASDAQ and received an extension.  

On June 17, 2008 the Securities and Exchange Commission instituted proceedings against ABC pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.  The resulting order revoked the U.S. registration of each class of ABC’s registered securities and ordered ABC to cease and desist from committing certain violations based on ABC’s failure to file annual reports and maintain sufficient internal controls, and failure to make and keep accurate books and records.  Following the revocation order ABC securities remain listed for trading, and actively trade, in Japan.  ABC's American Depositary Receipt Program was subsequently terminated as of March 31, 2010.  

Recently, new revenue recognition standards have been adopted in the USA.  ABC’s management would like your advice on whether it might be a good time to apply for the company to be listed on a US stock exchange by complying with revenue recognition requirements.

ABC has the following sources of income that should be evaluated.

1. Licensing of product.  Customers pay an upfront fee of $12,000 for 12 months to use ABC’s software.  Customers can access ABC’s software at any time during the period.  The contract term starts on July 1 and go through June 30.  ABC provides hosting and maintenance of the site.
2. Implementation . ABC software will provide training, project management, data conversion and process consulting to onboard new clients. Implementation services typically require full-time work for 3-months on average with a team of 3 providing hourly billing at a rate of $150 per hour.
3. Hardware sales.  ABC is a reseller of key components.  ABC has no inventory obligations and drop ships produce from the manufacturer’s distribution site.  The mark-up on hardware sales is 10% for ABC.

Other considerations:

Does the customer have the ability to forgo the hosting provided by the Company and instead host it on their own servers, or some other remote server (e.g., AWS, Microsoft Azure)
Yes, this is an option we make available, though we highly discourage it. Out of 2000+ customers, less than two dozen forgo the hosting services.

·         How integral are the implementation services to using the software?
Highly integral. We provide no generic services. For example, as part of implementation, we provide an overview of the ABC database, but we do not educate customers on relational database management systems.

·         Could the customer source the implementation services from some other third party?
A customer has only one option for sourcing implementation services: 1) Company ABC if the system was purchased through direct sales, or 2) a channel partner if the system was purchased through that channel partner.

·         Does ABC perform regular upgrades to the software?
Yes

·         Does the customer have to pay separately to get access to such upgrades?
No, upgrades are included as part of the annual license subscription.

·         If ABC provides upgrades, are they promised (explicitly or implicitly) at any sort of regular cadence?
Releases (i.e., upgrades) are delivered every four weeks like clockwork.

·         Is there a minimum number of upgrades promised or implied during the term of the contract?
License subscriptions run on an annual basis, though contracts are often times multiple-year subscriptions. Thirteen releases per year are implied in an annual subscription.

Explain the following

1.       A.  Would the license meet the definition of a performance obligation?

B. Would the license be classified as a license of functional intellectual property or symbolic intellectual property?

C. Would the revenue be recognized at the point in time that access to the license is granted to the customer or over the license term?

2.          Discuss the revenue recognition for Implementation

3.          Discuss revenue recognition for Hardware sales.

4.          Discuss a factor that could change one of your answers.