The Summary Open Quiz is an opportunity for you to prepare for class and assess the knowledge and skills gained at the conclusion of class. These areas will be covered by your instructor. Use your reading and knowledge and skills to answer these questions and bring your written answers to class. Briefly discuss three important considerations that contribute to a "culture of safety". Briefly discuss the regulatory requirements for maintaining a safe environment. Briefly discuss two quality indicators and their impact on health outcomes. What data sets can be used for clinical decision making? How do the use of data sets impact clinical judgment, minimize risk, and reduce errors?

The following events shift either the supply or demand curve for American-made automobiles. Draw a set of market supply and demand curve that illustrates each of the following historical events: Serious strikes hit the auto industry during the 1930s. During World War II, producers of automobiles converted their factories to war production. In 1973, oil prices rose dramatically. Pick-up trucks, mini-vans, and recreation vehicles gained popularity in the 1980s, and many families bought such vehicles rather than automobiles.

Consider the following hourly demand and cost schedule for a firm facing a fixed price of $ 6.00 per unit. (Tπ, is Total Profit).

  Q    P             TR    MR    TFC       TVC          TC         MC           ATC          AVC         Tπ

  0    $6.00                                                               $2.00            

  1                                                           4              

  2                                                           6              

  3                                                           8             

  4                                                           11             

  5                                                           15                     

  6                                                          20             

7.                                                       26             

8                                                           33           

  9                                                           41           

10                                                       50

11                                                       60

1. Complete the columns for ATC, AVC, and MC as well as those for (TC), TVC, & TFC.  
2. Draw the curves for Demand, MR (Marginal Revenue), ATC, AVC, and MC, all in one diagram. Also draw the Total Revenue (TR), Total Cost (TC), TVC, and TFC in a second diagram right below the first one.

3. Determine, in order to maximize profit, how many units should this firm produce and why?
4. Calculate the total profit at the profit-maximizing level and demonstrate it graphically and geometrically in the diagrams wherever applicable.

2. The stock repurchase is a decision by companies to buy their own shares in an effort to help boost earnings per share and stock prices. A recent article published on WSJ (https://www.wsj.com/articles/companies-mull-suspending-ramping-up-share-buyback-plans-amid-coronavirus-11584477343) reported that finance chiefs are debating whether to make share repurchases or hold on to cash as stock prices fall on fears surrounding the coronavirus pandemic since the S&P 500 has plummeted about 25% from Feb. 18. Some companies appear to be taking advantage of the down market, announcing plans to scoop up shares. Others, however, have said they would suspend share buyback plans to preserve cash and exercise caution in an uncertain period. They argue that they need to stay sufficiently capitalized to resist financial hits from economic conditions spurred by the pandemic. In some instances, businesses have opted to raise cash by drawing down credit facilities with lenders. Why have selected companies decided to suspend their share repurchases? Why have other companies authorized share repurchases? If you were the CFO of a retail business like the Gap, what would you do? If you were the CFO of Oracle, what would you do?

HL Construction Co. plans to replace one of its manufacturing equipment for a newer more technology-advance one. The new equipment has a purchase price of $8,000 and will be depreciated as a 7-year class for MACRS. Installation costs for the new equipment are $200. It is estimated that this equipment can be sold in 4 years (end of project) for $5,000. This new equipment is more efficient than the existing one and thus savings before taxes using the new equipment are $4,000 a year. Because of the advance technology of new equipment, there will be a reduction in inventory of $400 today and which will be reverted at the end of the project in year 4.

This existing equipment was purchased 1 year ago at a base price of $3,000. Installation costs at the time for this old equipment were $100. The existing equipment is considered also 7-year class for MACRS. The existing equipment can be sold today for $1,000 and for $0 in 4 years. The company's marginal tax rate is 30% and the cost of capital is 10%.

Answer the 7 questions below.

MACRS Fixed Annual Expense Percentages by Recovery Class

Year        3-Year    5-Year    7-Year    10-Year 15-Year

1              33.33%   20.00%   14.29%   10.00%   5.00%

2              44.45%   32.00%   24.49%   18.00%   9.50%

3              14.81%   19.20%   17.49%   14.40%   8.55%

4              7.41%     11.52%   12.49%   11.52%   7.70%

5                              11.52%   8.93%     9.22%     6.93%

6                              5.76%     8.93%     7.37%     6.23%

7                                              8.93%     6.55%     5.90%

8                                              4.45%     6.55%     5.90%

9                                                              6.56%     5.91%

10                                                           6.55%     5.90%

11                                                           3.28%     5.91%

12                                                                           5.90%

13                                                                           5.91%

14                                                                           5.90%

15                                                                           5.91%

16                                                                          2.95%

For your answer, round to the nearest dollar, do not enter the $ sign, use commas to separate thousands, use a negative sign in front of first number is the cash flow is negative (do not use parenthesis to indicate negative cash flows). For example, if your answer is $3,005.87 then enter 3,006; if your answer is -$1,200.25 then enter -1,200

1. What is today's remaining book value of existing equipment?

2. What is the project's initial cash flows (initial outlay: IO) at Year 0?

3. What is the incremental net operating profit (ΔNOPAT) for Year 4 of this replacement project?

4. What is the incremental cash flow (ΔFCF also known as ΔOCF) for Year 4?

5. What is the cash flow due to tax on salvage value of new equipment at Year 4? If this is a cash outflow put the negative sign (-) in front of the value ** do not use parentheses. If it is a cash inflow, then just enter the number

6. What is the after tax salvage value of the new equipment at Year 4?

7. What is the project's total incremental cash flow for Year 4?

Revenue Recognition for ABC Software Company under ASC 606

ABC COMPANY was stumped by U.S. accounting rules for revenue recognition and gave up trying to comply with them.  The Japanese giant recognized this would lead to the delisting of its ADR shares on NASDAQ.  ABC also said it would be able to file its 2006 annual report under U.S. GAAP and it couldn’t vouch for its financial statements since 2000.  ABC COMPANY said a restatement was not practicable because of the complexities.  ABC noted that its financial statements under Japanese GAAP are current and not affected by this announcement.  

Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, revenue recognition rules are complicated for software companies whose contracts combine the sale of software with maintenance service agreements.  Previously, a standard called SOP 97-2 for companies wishing to recognize the software-sales revenue up front must perform an analysis of such contracts that provides “vendor specific objective evidence” (VSOP) of consistent treatment of sales and service.  That analysis, which ABC COMPANY says it has been unable to complete, required before portions of revenue from a single contract can be broken out and recognized at different times.  ABC says it is unable to complete the VSOE analysis for its auditor in time to file the annual report for the year ending March 31, 2006 even though ABC had previously been warned by NASDAQ and received an extension.  

On June 17, 2008 the Securities and Exchange Commission instituted proceedings against ABC pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.  The resulting order revoked the U.S. registration of each class of ABC’s registered securities and ordered ABC to cease and desist from committing certain violations based on ABC’s failure to file annual reports and maintain sufficient internal controls, and failure to make and keep accurate books and records.  Following the revocation order ABC securities remain listed for trading, and actively trade, in Japan.  ABC's American Depositary Receipt Program was subsequently terminated as of March 31, 2010.  

Recently, new revenue recognition standards have been adopted in the USA.  ABC’s management would like your advice on whether it might be a good time to apply for the company to be listed on a US stock exchange by complying with revenue recognition requirements.

ABC has the following sources of income that should be evaluated.

1. Licensing of product.  Customers pay an upfront fee of $12,000 for 12 months to use ABC’s software.  Customers can access ABC’s software at any time during the period.  The contract term starts on July 1 and go through June 30.  ABC provides hosting and maintenance of the site.
2. Implementation . ABC software will provide training, project management, data conversion and process consulting to onboard new clients. Implementation services typically require full-time work for 3-months on average with a team of 3 providing hourly billing at a rate of $150 per hour.
3. Hardware sales.  ABC is a reseller of key components.  ABC has no inventory obligations and drop ships produce from the manufacturer’s distribution site.  The mark-up on hardware sales is 10% for ABC.

Other considerations:

Does the customer have the ability to forgo the hosting provided by the Company and instead host it on their own servers, or some other remote server (e.g., AWS, Microsoft Azure)
Yes, this is an option we make available, though we highly discourage it. Out of 2000+ customers, less than two dozen forgo the hosting services.

·         How integral are the implementation services to using the software?
Highly integral. We provide no generic services. For example, as part of implementation, we provide an overview of the ABC database, but we do not educate customers on relational database management systems.

·         Could the customer source the implementation services from some other third party?
A customer has only one option for sourcing implementation services: 1) Company ABC if the system was purchased through direct sales, or 2) a channel partner if the system was purchased through that channel partner.

·         Does ABC perform regular upgrades to the software?
Yes

·         Does the customer have to pay separately to get access to such upgrades?
No, upgrades are included as part of the annual license subscription.

·         If ABC provides upgrades, are they promised (explicitly or implicitly) at any sort of regular cadence?
Releases (i.e., upgrades) are delivered every four weeks like clockwork.

·         Is there a minimum number of upgrades promised or implied during the term of the contract?
License subscriptions run on an annual basis, though contracts are often times multiple-year subscriptions. Thirteen releases per year are implied in an annual subscription.

Explain the following

1.       A.  Would the license meet the definition of a performance obligation?

B. Would the license be classified as a license of functional intellectual property or symbolic intellectual property?

C. Would the revenue be recognized at the point in time that access to the license is granted to the customer or over the license term?

2.          Discuss the revenue recognition for Implementation

3.          Discuss revenue recognition for Hardware sales.

4.          Discuss a factor that could change one of your answers.

Three people are brought into a room. A hat is placed on each person’s head. The hat is equally likely to be Red or Blue. (So each of the 8 possibilities is equally likely.) Each person sees the colors of the other people’s hats, but not their own. Each person, without communication, writes down one of the following: "My hat is red", "My hat is blue" or "Pass". All three people will be put in jail unless (a) at least one of them doesn’t pass, and (b) everyone who doesn’t pass is right about his/her own hat color. Importantly, they can agree ahead of time on a strategy, with the hopes of not going to prison.

(a) What is the probability that they are not sent to prison if each person guesses the color of his/her own hat?

(b) What is the probability that they are not sent to prison if two of them pass and 1 of them guesses?

(c) What is the probability that they are not sent to prison if they use the following strategy: Each person looks at the other two hats. If they are both blue, then the person guesses red. If they are both red, then the person guesses blue. If they are different, the person passes.

how do you configure the percent composition of a simple and fractional distillation of cyclohexane and toluene simple 69C fractional 68C

On January 1, 2018, Rare Bird Ltd. purchased 15% bonds dated January 1, 2018, with a face amount of $28 million. The bonds mature in 2027 (10 years). For bonds of similar risk and maturity, the market yield is 14%. Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.)

Required: Determine the price of the bonds at January 1, 2018.

Why is it important that we allocate overhead costs to products? What might we use this information for? How do you think a company chooses an overhead allocation method? While not mandatory for credit, I highly encourage you to read your classmates thoughts and comment on their reflections. You may be able to help each other! I will be reading your discussions and commenting both on the board itself and on the grading screen.'

Find solutions to the following difference equations:

• xn+2 − 4xn = 27n 2 , x0 = 1, x1 = 3

• xn+1 − 4xn + 3xn−1 = 36n 2 , x0 = 12, x1 = 0

• xn+1 − 4xn + 3xn−1 = 3n , x0 = 2, x1 = 13/2

• xn+2 − 2xn+1 + xn = 1, x0 = 3, x1 = 6

• Would it be better to have a permanent location for the Olympics?
• Do you think Colorado would benefit economically from hosting the Winter Olympics?

The text notes the growing need for collaboration among health organizations and their stakeholders. Identify conditions that have stimulated this need for more collaboration. What is the view of external collaboration that the Institute of Medicine has endorsed?

Your professor wants to know if all tests are created equal.

What is the F-Stat? Use Excel.