Question

GENETICS QUESTION:

Indv 1 (WT): TACATAGGCATAGGGGTA

Indv 2: TACATAGGCATATGGGGTA         

Indv 3: TACATAGGCATCGGGGTA

Indv 4: TACATAGGCATAGGGATA

1. What type/s of mutation does Individual 3 have? (write the specific name/s of the type of mutation)

2. What type/s of mutation does Individual 2 have? (write the specific name/s of the type of mutation)

3. Does Individual 3 have a transition or transversion?

4. Does Individual 4 have a transition or transversion?

Answer 1

According to the given question-

We know that proper DNA ---> RNA-----> protein is required for the normal functioning of the cell. But when there is any change in this occurred this leads to the formation of abnormal protein.

Mutation- are called sudden change in the genetic content of the organism due to several factors such as due to ultraviolet radiation, due to some chemicals, and produces abnormal protein that are responsible for dysfunction of cell physiology.

According to the given sequence-

Individual 1 having normal or wild type of DNA sequence

TACATAGGCATAGGGGTA

Mutation in this sequence leads to change in sequence such as

TACATAGGCATATGGGGTA

Which was observed in individual 2.

In this sequence after position number 12 from the left side a thymine nitrogenous base was added that leads to change in number of nitrogenous base and that also causes change in reading frame of DNA which was initially as GGG which code for glycine amino acid to TGG which code for threonine amino acid. This is called insertion mutation and this changes the Nature of polypeptide and are called frame shift mutation.

Individual 3 have sequence

TACATAGGCATCGGGGTA

While the wild type have

TACATAGGCATAGGGGTA

Here we can easily observed that the adenine nitrogenous base in wild type at position 12 from left side are replaced by cytocine nitrogenous base which are observed in individual 3. Which means that the purine nitrogenous base are replaced by pyrimidine nitrogenous base this is called transversion. This is a example of base substitution and are called point mutation.

In wild type ATA code for isoleucine amino acid and ATC is also code for same amino acid so this mutation does not cause any affect in the gene and are called silent mutation.

Individual 4 have sequence-

TACATAGGCATAGGGATA

While wild type have

TACATAGGCATAGGGGTA

Here we can observed that the guanine nitrogenous base at position number 16 from left side of sequence in wild type are replaced by adenine nitrogenous base. Both guanine nitrogenous base and adenine nitrogenous base are purine nitrogenous base. So this is called transition. This is also a example of base substitution and are called point mutation.

Here the GTA code for valine amino acid while ATA code for isoleucine amino acid. This is also called missense mutation is a type of point mutation.

So answer for the question is-

Individual 3 have transversion type of base substitution and are called point mutation or in other word we can say that this is a silent mutation.

Individual 2 have frameshift mutation.

Individual 3 have transversion and silent mutation

Individual 4 have transition and missense mutation.