In a hypothetical species of butterfly, wing spots are controlled by a single locus where BB...

In a hypothetical species of butterfly, wing spots are controlled by a single locus where BB individuals have blue spots, YY individuals have yellow spots, and BY individuals have green spots. Ten years ago, a previous collector randomly collected 1000 butterflies and reported finding 90 blues, 420 greens, and 490 yellows. You collect 40 blues, 320 greens, and 640 yellows. Has there been evolution in this population? If yes, is natural selection involved? Explain and justify your answers.

This is my third time posting this question, please don't answer it if youre going to give me p2+q2+2pq=1

I'm not asking if evolution is happening 10 years ago and if it is happening now, I'm asking has evolution happened comparing 10 years ago to now!

So can you please calculate the expected genotypic or phenotypic frequencies (of each of 10 years ago and now) using HWE math p2+2pq+q2p2+2pq+q2. Then calculate the chi-square values, which are adjusted measures of deviation based on each individual frequency. Fail the test, and you know you have a violation of HWE. It is possible to test for signatures of selection (please test for selection as well) .

I hope you dont just give me a 2 line answer or give me a pasted answer of the old questions! Im definitely going to give a thumbs down as this is the third time I ask this.

Expert Solution

Here , the hypothetical butterflies existed now and also10years ago.
We wanted to test whether the population is evolving or not.
The genotype frequencies of butterflies 10 years ago and now are calculated as follows.

10 years ago

Genotype frequency of BB = No. of individuals with BB / total number of individuals in the population
Genotype frequency of BB = 90/ 1000 = 0.090
Similarly calculate genotype frequency of YY = 0.490
Genotype freq. of BY = 0.420

Present situation

Genotype freq of BB = 0.40
YY = 0.64
BY = 0.32

By performing chi square analysis we can test whether the population is evolving or not. By collecting butterflies at present condition is observed data . The expected data would be the data that is collected 10 years ago because we expect the same frequency of butterflies now also.

By using the formula X² = (observed - expected )² / expected

So for BB = (40 -90)² / 90 = 27.78

Similarly by using above formula BY = 23.81

YY = 45.91

of all the values is X² = 93.5

Here the degree of freedom is 1 because there are 2 alleles.
So, the significance value 0.05 .
From the table X² 3.841
Here the X2value is 93.5 which is far greater than 3.841 .
This shows the population is not in HW equillibrium
Thus the population is evolving.
From the genotypic frequency we can see that B allele is less in the current population and the Y allele is increased .
This shows that B allele has become less fit and Y allele gained fitness due to selection based on the environmental conditions.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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