Question

1. In general, Bacteria predominate in __________ waters, while numbers of Archaea are about equal or show a slight predominance in __________ waters.

A) upper / lower                                             B) mid-range / upper and lower

C) upper and lower / mid-range                     D) lower / upper

2. Mycorrhizal fungi obtain their carbon from ________ and their inorganic minerals from __________.

A) root secretions / particles produced by the photosynthetic actions of other parts of the plant

B) the soil / particles produced by the photo-synthetic actions of other parts of the plant

C) the soil / root secretions

D) root secretions / the soil

3. The absorption of __________ by chlorophylls begins the process of __________.

A) ATP / photosynthetic energy conversion

B) light energy / phototrophic energy conversion

C) ATP / autotrophy

D) light quanta / autotrophy

4. Which statement(s) is/are true?

A) Some methanogens are endosymbionts of certain protozoa.

B) A competing H₂-consuming process to methanogenesis is acetogenesis.

C) Methanogenesis is carried out by a group of Archaea, the methanogens, which are strict anaerobes.

D) All of the above are true.

5. Genes encoding __________ are widely used as target genes in molecular biodiversity studies.

A) 16S rRNA                          B) reverse transcriptase

C) ATPases                             D) DNA polymerase III

6. True or false:

T/F More dense populations of phototrophic microorganisms would be found in near-shore areas than in pelagic waters.

T/F Hydrothermal vent animals are known to live off the products of the chemolithotrophic microbial symbionts.

T/F Excretions from roots hinder, rather than promote, the development of microorganisms in the rhizosphere.

Answer 1

1.Normally archea predominate in the extreme conditions and in water bodies they are usually seen in the deep floors and near surfaces ,the bacteria are usually present in shallower/mid regions parts .Therefore ,the correct answer is option b

2.The carbon source of the mycorrhizal fungi is through the variours root secretions and carries out various matabolic processes from the carbohydrate in the root and for the minerals they are directly derived from the soil.Therefore ,the correct answer is option d

3.Cholorophyll are plant pigments which are involved in the process of photosynthesis or autotrophy and they are involved mainly in the absorption of light energy for the synthesis of food.

Therefore, the correct answer is option d

Other options are ruled out because cholorphyll does not absorb ATP , it is a product of cellular respiration and the light absorbed is not used for energy storage but for photosynthesis.

4.Of the above statements all are true because

Methanogens most of them exhibit symbiosis with protozoans and they are obligate anerobes.And acetogenesis and methanogenesis are competing process which includes H2 consumptionin the anerobic organisms

Therefore option d is the right answer.