In humans, the concentration of glucose in the blood is maintained at roughly 5 mM. Hexokinase (HK II) in muscle is a Michaelis-Menten enzyme and its KM for glucose is about 0.1 mM. The blood glucose and intracellular glucose concentrations rapidly equilibrate so that the cellular glucose concentration can be considered to be essentially the same as the blood glucose concentration. Also, prolonged high concentrations of glucose in the blood can be toxic.

a) What do the KM and the actual glucose concentration suggest about the activity of HK II under normal conditions? (In other words, how fast is the enzyme going compared to its Vmax?)

b) After a high carbohydrate meal, the blood glucose concentration can rise to concentrations much greater than 5 mM. What would be the effect of this concentration change on HK II activity in muscle tissue?

c) Given the information and your answer in part b, what would be the net effect on the person’s blood glucose concentration after a high carbohydrate meal?

Please answer all of the questions.

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What would be the phenotypic ratio of the F₁ generation? Please note that: "S" = ability to spin webs; "NS" = cannot spin webs; "C" = ability to cling to walls; and "NC" = cannot cling to walls.

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

What is the genotype of the mother?

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

What is the genotype of the father?

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

What gametes does the mother produce?

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

What gametes does the father produce?

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

If Nia were to (one day) marry a man who was heterozygous for the tongue-rolling trait, what percentage of their children would be able to roll their tongues?

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

Imagine, for a moment, that the mother and father separate, and the mother decides to remarry. If her second husband is homozygous dominant for the tongue-rolling gene, what is the likelihood that their children (if they choose to have any) will be able to roll their tongues?

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

Imagine, for a moment, that the mother and father separate, and the mother decides to remarry. If her second husband is homozygous dominant for the tongue-rolling gene, what would be the genotypic ratioof their offspring (i.e., the F₁ generation)?

Characteristics (or traits) of an organism, such as those described in the examples above, are said to be heritable. In this context, the term "heritable" means...

Please answer all the questions

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What is Spider-Man's genotype?

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What is Spider-Woman's genotype?

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What gametes does Spider-Man produce?

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What gametes does Spider-Woman produce?

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What percentage of their offspring will not be able to spin webs but will be able to cling to walls?

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What percentage of their offspring will be heterozygous for both traits?

1. Life on Earth was pretty simple for over 3 billion years.... then suddenly, around 530 million years ago, a huge diversity of animal forms suddenly (~10 million years time) appear in the fossil record. What might have caused animal forms to appear form?

2. 20% of all animal species are beetles! New species of animals are still being found, mostly invertebrates. How many species do scientists believe are out there?

1. Describe DNA synthesis and describe why Okazaki fragments are needed? include the following terms in any order (and please underline them in your answer): leading strand, lagging strand, replication fork, DNA polymerase, direction of DNA synthesis, origin of replication, primer, ligase.

1.    Describe the exocrine function of the pancreas. How is it related to digestion of the energy-yielding nutrients?

2. If you want to maintain a feeling of fullness for as long as possible, which meal would be preferred: 800 calories of spaghetti with tomato sauce, bread, and tea or 800 calories of spaghetti with tomato and meat sauce, bread with butter, and water? Why?

Place the following scenario in order of how it would occur... 1 to 7

S.typhimurium cells are allowed to grow and proliferate through various virulence factors which further allows it to express more virulence factors.

S.typhimurium cells use oral fecal route from infected host to leave one host and enter another host via potential contaminated surfaces or common sources.

S.typhimurium cells spreads along the lower GI tract (smaller intestine and larger intestine), virulence factors like enterotoxins create ion imbalance

You and your friends are out for a late night meal and you eat some undercooked chicken. Your system is exposed to S.typhimurium

S.typhimurium extracellular factors like Type 1 Fimbriae bind onto epithelial cells of the intestines.

Ion imbalance cause influx of water into the lumen while endotoxins cause symptoms like fever.

Various antigens present on S.typhimurium evade host systems like phagocytosis or macrophage detection.

you notice that a particular eukaryotic mRNA fails to undergo the process of capping. You, as a scientist come pu with multiple ways to help out this mRNA function. Out of al the methods there was one which was incorrect. Which one out of all your expt would not work...? A) you try to attach a compound to the MRNA that would get it out of the nucleus B) you try to stall the mRNA in the nucelus until the cell machinery can eventually start synthesizing a cap C) you try to increase the dose of the enzyme poly A polymerase D) you try to increase the levels of proteins that inhibit the function of exunucleases

A 24 year old man who had just recovered from infectious mononucleosis had evidence of a gential lesion. His RPR test was positive. what should the technologist do next?

a. Do VDRL to confirm the positive RPR

b. Report as false positive due to cross reacting antibodies from recent infection

c. have the patient return in two weeks for a repeat test

d. don confirmatory treponemal test

Biology Unit II Homework - Cancer and Genetics

Introduction

In order for organisms to grow, repair, maintain, and reproduce, cells undergo cell division. Sometimes, cells uncontrollably divide, resulting in cancer. In the first part of the Cancer and Cell Division Lab, you will learn about normal cell division and will compare it to cell division that occurs in cancer cells. You will then visit a website to find out more information about cancer. You will learn why it occurs, why it kills, and new treatments that are being tested and used to treat cancer.

Objectives

Explain the process of cancer, the effects on the human body, the various types, and the risk factors involved.

Explain various treatments for cancer.

Explain the various stages of mitosis.

Materials

No extra materials will be required to complete this lab other than internet service.

Directions

Go to the following website: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_23/BL_23.html

Follow the steps under the PROCEDURE section.

Type all answers directly on the data sheet.

Select Save As, and save this document using your last name and student ID as the file name.

Upload the data sheet as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf file when you are finished.

While viewing the video, answer the following questions. Total: 8 points

Centrioles are duplicated during which stage of mitosis? (4 points)

During which stage of mitosis are sister chromatids pulled to opposite ends of the cell? (4 points)

After viewing the video, click on the Information tab in the bottom right corner. Answer the following questions. Total: 12 points

In which of the cancer types listed, are males not at risk of developing? (4 points)

Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for which type of cancer listed? (2 points)

The risk for which type of cancer increases after the age of 55? (4 points)

Continue following the directions under the PROCEDURE section, and complete the following table. Total: 40 points

Continue following the directions under the PROCEDURES section and answer the following questions. Total: 12 points

Based on your data and observations, what are some of the differences between normal cells and cancer cells? (4 points)

Which type of cancer shows the most aggressive growth? Explain your answer. (4 points)

When studying cell division in tissue samples, scientists often calculate a mitotic index, which is the ratio of dividing cells to the total number of cells in the sample. Scientists often calculate the mitotic index to compare the growth rates of different types of tissue. Which type of tissue would have a higher mitotic index, normal tissue or cancerous tissue? Explain. (4 points)

Go to: http://www.cancer.org/

Click Cancer A-Z. At the page that follows there will be links to more information on breast cancer, colon and rectal cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer and skin cancer. Review the information for each these cancers. Next, write an essay that discusses either your own risk factors for each type of cancer and steps you might take to decrease those risk factors. As always, you do not have to disclose any actual personal information if you do not wish to. You may create a fictional character and discuss his or her risk factors instead. (30 points)

Your response should be at least 100 words in length.

The process by which bacteria form a bridge connecting it to another cell and then transfers a plasmid through this bridge is called: a. Translation b. Transposon c. Transformation d. Conjugation e. Operon

Which of the following is FALSE regarding Genetics in Prokaryotes?

a.       Explain why the nervous system is described as “immunologically privileged,” and discuss whether this provides a beneficial or disadvantageous effect in this system.

b.      Discuss the defenses a pathogen encounters as it attempts to gain entry into the nervous system.