1. Compare and contrast the structure of teosinte with that of corn. Why did people believe that teosinte could not be the ancestor to corn? Why were its kernels probably not used to a great extent as food?

1. What is the reductionism and systems biology and how these 2 approaches can be combined to create effective personalized medicine in the future?

At a particular locus, the homozygous genotype is lethal. We observe a cross between two heterozygous parents. Which of the following will not be true for their offspring: a) All offspring will look the same b) The genotype and phenotype ratios will be the same c) All offspring will be heterozygous d) Half of the offspring will die e) Genotype and phenotype ratio will be 1:2:1

what ratio would this offspring be?

Put these steps in neuromuscular junction synaptic transmission and excitation-contraction coupling in chronological order. (Type the letters in the appropriate order with no spaces between them).

A. Ryanodine receptors open

B. Voltage-gated Na+ channels open in the muscle cell membrane near the neuromuscular junction

C. Tropomyosin rotates into the groove of the thin filament (out of the way of the myosin binding site)

D. Depolarization of motoneuron axon terminal

E. Ca2+ dissociates from troponin

F. [Ca2+] rises in the muscle cell cytoplasm

G. An EPSP occurs in the muscle cell

H. Myosin heads go through the cross-bridge cycle and hydrolyze ATP

I. An action potential is conducted along the T-tubule

J. Acetylcholine receptors open and conduct Na+ ions

K. Ca2+ binds to Troponin

L. Vesicles containing acetylcholine fuse with nerve cell membrane

Describe the synthesis of an Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand in a replication fork. Include names of enzymes and the proper 5’ and 3’ ends of DNA strands.

he lac operon in E. coli regulates the co-expression of three genes needed for the degradation of lactose (but absence of glucose) in the growth medium. These genes are not expressed when the bacteria has no lactose to feed on. How does the cell prevent expressing the lac operon in the absence of lactose? How does the presence of lactose activate the transcription of these three genes? (You do not need to explain the glucose level regulation.)

Describe and discuss the experiments that confirmed that FT is the mobile flowering compound known as ‘florigen’. Please explain as detail as possible. Thank you

Discuss the role of plant tissue culture methods for generation of (a) somatic hybrid plants, and (b) mutant plants with enhanced resistance to bacterial diseases. Please explain as detail as possible. Thank you.

1.What is the role of histone acetylation in eukaryotic cells?

2.What is the role of amino-acyl-tRNA-synthetases?

what is the distinguish sexual and asexual reproduction method of fungi with examples ??

Explain the role of ubiquitination in the regulation of cellular protein levels.

What is the role of amino-acyl-tRNA-synthetases?

The anticodon sequence of the tRNA carrying lysine into the ribosome is 3’-UUC-5’. Write down the corresponding three nucleotide long DNA double strand. Include 5’ and 3’ end of each strand and indicate which of the two DNA strands is the template strand.

Compare/contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Write in essay format and give thorough explanations.

From the And The Band Played On: What is your perception of how the CDC disseminated the findings of the scientific study that demonstrated sexual contact as a mode of disease transmission?