A PET scan reveals that an individual's cancer has spread to the cervical and axillary lymph nodes on the patient's left side only. To prevent further spread, all of the lymph nodes from the left side cervical and axillary regions are surgically removed. The patient is surprised to receive an wristband that reads "No Blood Draw or Vaccines on this Arm" that he must wear for the rest of his life. Why would having blood drawn or vaccines being given in that arm be problematic, but wouldn't be problematic if having blood drawn from the right arm?

You are given the task of creating a genetic map of three genes of Drosophila melanogaster . The genes are all located on the same chromosome. The genes are for body color, eye color and antenna formation. The alleles for body color are yellow and gray (wild-type), the alleles for eye color are sepia and red (wild-type) and the alleles for antenna are short and normal (wild-type). The mutant alleles for body and eye color are recessive, while the mutant allele for antenna formation is dominant. You follow the procedure for determining the order and map distance for the genes and obtain the following data: Short, gray, sepia = 240 Short, yellow, red = 2 Short, yellow, sepia = 500 Short, gray, red = 22 Normal, yellow, red = 270 Normal, gray, sepia = 5 Normal, yellow, sepia = 15 Normal, gray, red = 444 Hints for drawings: size matters! Don’t draw all genes equidistant. If two genes are further away from each other than another set, make sure to draw it that way. Based on the data given:

a) Define each gene and allele. Based on how you defined the alleles, what was the genotype and phenotype of the P gen? Make sure to notate alleles properly and to draw the chromosomes correctly. Make sure the genes are in the correct order.

b) What was the genotype and phenotype of the F1 gen? Make sure to notate alleles properly and to draw the chromosomes correctly. Make sure the genes are in the correct order.

c) What was the genotype and phenotype of the Test cross that was performed? Make sure to notate alleles properly and to draw the chromosomes correctly. Make sure the genes are in the correct order.

d) What are all of the map distances between the genes given? Make sure to draw the chromosomes correctly, the genes are in the proper order and units are used.

Define ecology. Discuss what criteria influence population growth and how different species interact with one another, providing at least 3 types of examples . List the three criteria necessary for ecosystem survival. Define and/or describe each criterion.

Early in an infection, the body produces a variety of "acute phase proteins" to ramp up an immune response. What sort of benefits do these acute phase proteins provide and what sort of effect would an inability to induce the production of these proteins have on an individual?

Compare your crayfish with one of the opposite gender.

What body region or segment are the walking legs attached to? What about the swimmerets?

How does the shape of each appendage type fit its particular function?

1. Chelipeds:
2. Walking legs:
3. Swimmerets:

3) Describe the purposes of the principle process involved in treatment of waste water .

4. Explain the difference between a positive and negative hormonal feedback loop. How is the testis (i.e. testosterone) regulated ? Explain why giving exogenous testosterone has little effect on serum levels but dramatic lowering of testicular testosterone concentrations. (10 points)

Describe five different mechanisms or means that one could pursue to prevent or reduce micronutrient deficiencies and provide an example for each that has been applied to improve the dietary quality of food for an at risk population.

Why is it important to have sterile workspaces and equipment when performing cell transformations and culturing?

1. What is microevolution?

2. Explain through the process of microevolution how natural selection produces adaptations while other evolutionary forces (specifically genetic drift, migration/gene flow, and non-random mating) may produce random evolutionary changes within populations.

3. Explain why evolution is a population-level phenomenon. Why does population size affect some evolutionary mechanisms, but not other(s)?

Will give a thumbs up for a good answer. Please help me!

Bill has come to you for genetic counseling.  He is concerned that he and his sister (Alice) are at risk for Huntington disease. Bill and Alice are too young to show symptoms.  Their grandmother, (Mary) had Huntington disease.  Her three children, Shirley, Tom, and Ed so far show no symptoms.  Shirley is the oldest (45 years old) and is Bill and Alice’s mother. A study by Adams (American Journal of Human Genetics 43;695 – 704, 1988) indicates that 68% of individuals heterozygous for the Huntington allele show symptoms by age 45.   

a. Draw a pedigree of this family.

b. What is the probability that Bill is heterozygous for Huntington disease?

c. What test(s) would you recommend for Bill and Alice to determine if they are heterozygous?

d. Explain why you recommend this test, what results it can give, and how these results can answer Bill’s question.

1)Explain the most and least effective uses of a viable plate count.

2)Determine if complement is part of innate immunity or acquired immunity or both and defend your decision.

3)Explain how the results of a diagnostic test could be completely reversed if the test is given to the same patient several months/years apart.

The sirtuins are a class of NAD-dependent deacetylases that are thought to play a role in the cellular response to nutritional status. Some sirtuins are involved in remodeling chromatin structure. A) How would you expect deacetylation of histones to affect the transcriptional activity of genes? B) Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) deacetylates a specific lysine in the active site of acetyl-CoA synthetase, activating the enzyme. Why would this particular deacetylation reflect nutritional status? Remember, acetyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA <=> AMP + PPi + acetyl-CoA