Acetyl CoA carboxylase activity is regulated by hormone-controlled phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.

a)  Describe the effects of epinephrine on acetyl CoA carboxylase activity and fatty acid metabolism in the liver.

b)  Is this consistent with epinephrine’s effect on liver glycogen metabolism?                  

Without this molecule, cellular respiration does not happen, because it is the final electron acceptor. What is it?

Describe the fluid mosaic model for membranes.

5. Consider the following tetrahybrid self-cross:

Aa Bb Cc Dd    X    Aa Bb Cc Dd

Calculate the probability for each of the following offspring. Show your work.

1. Genotype Aa BB CC Dd

2. Heterozygous for ALL FOUR genes

3. Heterozygous for ANY gene

4. Dominant phenotype for ALL FOUR traits

5. GIVEN that an individual offspring has the dominant phenotype for all four traits, what is the probability that individual is heterozygous for all four genes?

6. GIVEN that an individual offspring has the recessive phenotype for all four traits, what is the probability that individual is homozygous for all four genes?

From where does folate obtain its one-carbon units, and how does it differ from 1-carbon metabolism with Vitamin B12  (what kinds of reactions are the main ones involved)? Describe.

what is the role of oxygen in aerobic metabolism?

(Please give the answer in your own words) rather using the answers already given on chegg.

At least a few sentences.

What kind of regulation is there for the synthesis of A and G nucleotides? What are the regulation targets?

Compare the regulation of the pyrimidine synthesis pathway in bacteria and mammals. What is similar, and what is different? Consider the enzymes involved, and the reactions they carry out (what happens in the reactions), as well as the kind of regulation. What is one of the enzymes “famous” for? Explain.

John has always had problems with maintaining his weight, and he is used to counting kilocalories and maintaining an active lifestyle. He has noticed that recently his diet of 2,500 kilocalories is no longer good for him. He is steadily gaining weight, and he has to go on a weight-loss diet from time to time to stay in shape. John is now 53; he is 5 feet 9 inches tall and weighs 168 pounds. He loves exercise. He bikes a 28-mile route with his cycling club on Mondays, plays volleyball on Thursdays, and runs 3 to 5 miles on other days. What is John’s EER and how many kilocalories should he consume to maintain his weight? The Harris-Benedict equation for calculation of Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) is as follows: Adult males RMR (kcal) = 66.5 + (13.7 × weight in kilograms) + (5.0 × height in centimeters) – (6.8 × age) EER = RMR (from Harris-Benedict equation) × activity factor

Round the final number of kilocalories to the nearest whole number. During calculations, use numbers rounded to the first decimal place.

Compare how components of pyrimidine and purine bases are excreted from the mammalian organism. What has to happen to each for excretion?

What steps are needed to make UMP into dTMP? Write out each step, using standard abbreviations for the nucleotides, and including co-substrates that make sense or are specifically needed (for each step).

Topic: Commercial energy production

After learning about so many different options for commercial energy production, what do you think is best? You must support your argument with facts you have learned. This requires a 250 word minimum to answer

Create a thermodynamic argument for how ATP hydrolysis can be coupled to drive endergonic reactions.

Explain the different steps leading a 7 pass transmembrane receptor protein being exposed on the plasma membrane. You will start as the mRNA encoding for this protein was just exported outside of the nucleus.