MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Glutamate plays a specific functional role in

a. synaptic plasticity.

b. anxiety reduction.

c. the action of alcohol.

d. seizure suppression.

2. The most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is

a. Acetylcholine

b. Dopamine

c. Glutamate

d. GABA

Developmental Biology has made substantial contributions to the field of Evolutionary Biology, providing tools that allow us to mechanistically study Darwin’s concept of “Descent with Modification”. This combination of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology has become its own discipline, Evo-Devo. The phenomena of heterotopy, heterochrony, and heterometry can combine in a variety of ways to bring about generational variation in a species that can, in conjunction with natural selection, result in evolutionary changes. “Darwin’s Finches” is an example of this. Provide and Evo-Devo description of how an animal such as a hippopotamus might have given rise, over many generations, to animals like whales and dolphins.

A man is heterozygous for achondroplasia for which the autosomal dominant A allele confers extremely short stature. His wife's genotype is aa and she is normal height. They have five children together. What is the probability that any two of their five children will have the short stature phenotype, in any birth order?

define the following terminology:

(a) Basal forebrain

(b) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)

(c) Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR)

Why do common folding patterns appear in proteins that exhibit very different primary structures?

The carbonyl and amino groups of the amino-acid residues at the N- and C-termini of proteins form regular patterns of hydrogen bonds that define α-helix and β-sheet shapes.

The carbonyl and amide groups of the polypeptide backbone form regular patterns of hydrogen bonds that define α-helix and β-sheet shapes.

The carbonyl and amino groups of glutamate and glutamine, respectively, form regular patterns of ionic bonds that define α-helix and β-sheet shapes.

The carboxyl and amino groups of the amino-acid residues at the N-and C-termini of proteins form regular patterns of ionic bonds that define α-helix and β-sheet shapes.

The carbonyl and amide groups of the amino-acid sidechains form regular patterns of hydrogen bonds that define α-helix and β-sheet shapes.

How is botulinum toxin being used today in therapeutic and cosmetic settings?

Compare and contrast the reproduction, brooding strategies and life cycle of anurans (frogs and toads) and urodeles (newts and salamanders).

PLEASE ANSWERS 1-3 QUESTIONS AND ILL LIKE AND COMMENT

1. Which of the following biomes is NOT matched correctly with a characteristic of that biome?

Select one:

a. temperate evergreen forest – dominated by conifer trees

b. tropical rainforest - hot summers and cold winters

c. temperate grassland - adapted to periodic fire

d. tundra - permafrost

e. desert - little or no rainfall

2.

Deep sea hydrothermal vent communities:

Select one:

a. use bioluminescence to generate food.

b. contain only bacteria and other microorganisms.

c. use energy from photosynthesis in the photic zone.

d. use energy produced by chemoautotrophs that oxidize sulfur.

3.

At what latitudes are most of the world’s major deserts and associated arid areas located?

Select one:

a. 0° N and S

b. 15° N and S

c. 30° N and S

d. 60° N and S

e. 90° N and S

MAKE A 6 POWER POINT SLIDES FOR THIS AND EXPLAINING:

What is the classification and history Antlion larva?

What is the significance of Antlion larva and how does it relate to science, environment, or health?

Is it pathogenic? If so, what does it cause and what is the treatment? Who does it affect and What part of the world is it found in?

Is there anything about Antlion larva that makes it unique and interesting?

REFERENCE

A newly identified frog mutant, persistent tail (retains the tail through metamorphosis), is hypothesized to be autosomal dominant. The experimenter started with homozygous wild type virgin females and homozygous persistent tail males. The data from the F2 generation was 83 wild type males, 111 wild type females, 141 persistent tail males and 211 persistent tail females. Does this data support or reject the hypothesis? Use chi-square to prove your position.

Discuss the role of phytochemicals and the B vitamin folate in decreasing cancer risk.

develop a hypothesis for human or animal behavior, in which the behavior is better explained by evolutionary history (ancestry), rather than as a perfect adaptation to the environment

a) Discuss in detail the differences between marsupial and placental mammals b) Describe the Marsupial orders of mammals in detail.

An organism has 27 chromosomes. Use a * to represent centromeres, and a $ to represent repetitive regions of DNA caused by transposable elements. Chromosome 4 has the sequence A$BC*$DE, while chromosome 17 has the sequence L$MNO$*PQ.

1. If chromosome 17 misaligns with itself (without flipping backward) during meiosis I and undergoes crossing over in the repetitive region, what will be the sequences of chromosome 17 that result in each of the four gametes produced by this cell?

2. What abnormal chromosome sequences could be created if chromosome 4 misaligned with itself (without flipping backward) (there should be 2 of these)?

3. Which of the abnormal sequences would be likely to be left hanging out in the cytoplasm (where it would likely degrade) without being tugged into either nucleus?

4. If instead of misaligning with itself, chromosome 4 aligned with chromosome 17 (without flipping backward or having any double crossover events), provide 6 of these sequences, and label the ones that have too many or too few centromeres?

5. For a Eukaryotic animal cell, is it generally more deleterious to be triploid or to have trisomy of a single chromosome? Why is triploidy an impossible long-term state for the generations that come after a triploid organism that reproduces sexually?

What are the products of gametogenesis?

A. Females- 1 egg ; Males- 2 sperm

B. Females – 4 eggs ; Males- 4 sperm

C. Females- 4 eggs ; Males- 1 sperm

D. Females- 1 egg ; Males- 4 sperm