Compare and contrast the accuracy of reconstructing a person's face (1) using memory and a website such as QuickFace.com or (2) using a genetic profile derived from studies on people with craniofacial disorders.

13. Make a list of all the forensic tests performed in this case. Which do you think is (are) the most reliable? The least?

14. Discuss the importance of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for drawing conclusions from DNA profiles.

15. Which do you think is more reliable for forensic testing, a variation in a DNA sequence, such as a SNP or STR, or a gene expression profile? Cite a reason for your answer.

16. Discuss ethical concerns that could arise from using a prisoner to arrest a relative based on shared DNA sequences.

You are studying how quickly and well individuals learn music under various conditions. You find that siblings reared together learn music with similar speed and success. You find less of a correlation when they are raised apart. You also find that adopted children raised together show less correlation in music learning than genetic siblings do. You conclude:

Group of answer choices

Learning music is an innate trait that depends only on genetics

There is a genetic basis for learning music but also environmental effects

Environmental effects largely determine our ability to learn music

Our ability to learn music is polygenic

Bioinformatics #5

1. According to the KEGG pathway for oxidative phosphorylation, which of the following enzymes do not shuttle protons into the innermembrane space (IMS)?

1.3.5.1

1.3.5.1 and 3.6.3.6

1.6.5.3 and 1.10.2.2

3.6.3.3

2. According to the stoichiometry indicated on the KEGG pathway, ______ matrix protons are consumed and ______ transported to the IMS during the reaction catabolized by Complex I

6;4

4;6

2;6

2;4

3. According to the KEGG pathway and Chapter 15, Complex III transports ____ protons to the IMS per substrate molecule using __ of the Q cycle.

2; both cycles

2; only 1 cycle

4; both cycles

4; only 1 cycle

4. Which of the following statements best describes the oval-shaped arrows involving UQ and UQH2, which are located within the membrane in the colorful KEGG diagram?

The quinone pool remains tightly bound to the membrane surface, where UQ serves as a substrate for Complexes I and II

The quinone pool is loosely bound within the membrane, where UQ serves as the substrate for Complexes I and II

The quinone pool is loosely bound within the membrane, where UQ serves as the substrate for Complex III

The quinone pool is loosely bound within the membrane where UQH2 serves as the substrate for Complexes I and II

5. The KEGG and NCBI databases contain a wealth of information obtained from sequencing and analyzing the complete genome of Acinetobacter baumannii 1656-2, which is a medically important oxidase negative (cytochrome c oxidase- negative) bacterium that is multidrug resistant. For this microorganism, which statement regarding oxidative phosphorylation is correct?

This microbe possesses subunits of cytochrome c oxidase and therefore displays cytochrome c oxidase activity

The formation of ATP depends directly on the oxidation of cytochrome c.

The cytochrome bd complex allows oxygen to be reduced by the quinone pool

Subunit a of the F-type ATPase has 876 amino acids

Bioinformatics #5

1. According to the KEGG pathway for oxidative phosphorylation, which of the following enzymes do not shuttle protons into the innermembrane space (IMS)?

1.3.5.1

1.3.5.1 and 3.6.3.6

1.6.5.3 and 1.10.2.2

3.6.3.3

2. According to the stoichiometry indicated on the KEGG pathway, ______ matrix protons are consumed and ______ transported to the IMS during the reaction catabolized by Complex I

6;4

4;6

2;6

2;4

3. According to the KEGG pathway and Chapter 15, Complex III transports ____ protons to the IMS per substrate molecule using __ of the Q cycle.

2; both cycles

2; only 1 cycle

4; both cycles

4; only 1 cycle

4. Which of the following statements best describes the oval-shaped arrows involving UQ and UQH2, which are located within the membrane in the colorful KEGG diagram?

The quinone pool remains tightly bound to the membrane surface, where UQ serves as a substrate for Complexes I and II

The quinone pool is loosely bound within the membrane, where UQ serves as the substrate for Complexes I and II

The quinone pool is loosely bound within the membrane, where UQ serves as the substrate for Complex III

The quinone pool is loosely bound within the membrane where UQH2 serves as the substrate for Complexes I and II

5. The KEGG and NCBI databases contain a wealth of information obtained from sequencing and analyzing the complete genome of Acinetobacter baumannii 1656-2, which is a medically important oxidase negative (cytochrome c oxidase- negative) bacterium that is multidrug resistant. For this microorganism, which statement regarding oxidative phosphorylation is correct?

This microbe possesses subunits of cytochrome c oxidase and therefore displays cytochrome c oxidase activity

The formation of ATP depends directly on the oxidation of cytochrome c.

The cytochrome bd complex allows oxygen to be reduced by the quinone pool

Subunit a of the F-type ATPase has 876 amino acids

Given abundant sunlight, what would be a factor that limits the rate of photosynthesis? Explain your answer.

What is a paramecium's method of locomotion? (What does it use to move?) Is it a autotroph, heterotroph, or mixotroph?

1. (4 PTS) In humans the dominant allele N causes an abnormal shape of the patella in the knee (n is the normal allele).  A separate gene affects finger length, and the dominant allele B causes abnormally short fingers, whereas b gives normal length.   

A  study focused on people who have both abnormal patellae and short fingers (they most likely have the genotype N/n B/b).  They inherited the N allele from one parent and the B allele from the other parent.

These N/n B/b individuals mated with normal spouses.  (The spouses had no history of abnormal patellae or short fingers in their families; they can be assumed to be homozygous        normal.)  40 progeny were born; they are classified as follows:

                                     Normal                                                3

                                     Abnormal knees and fingers           2

                                     Abnormal knees only                     17

                                     Abnormal fingers only                    18

            (a) Using the chi square test, determine whether there is significant linkage between the B/b and the N/n gene.                                                                                

            (b)  If you conclude there is linkage, what is the distance between the two genes?

Generally speaking, the DNA sequences of introns evolve relatively rapidly, and are not well conserved. Nevertheless, it is still possible that the existence and the location of an intron may have been conserved, that is whether an intron has existed at that exact location in that gene over a long period of evolutionary history. How (specifically) would you go about determining whether or not the existence of a particular intron has been conserved in evolution? Would you focus on the alignment of protein sequences, or DNA sequences, or both, or something else? Why?

Distinguish in biochemical detail between ?-oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

A patient in the hospital has an intravenous catheter inserted to allow for the delivery of medications, fluids, and electrolytes. Four days after the catheter is inserted, the patient develops a fever and an infection in the skin around the catheter. Blood cultures reveal that the patient has a blood-borne infection. Tests in the clinical laboratory identify the blood-borne pathogen as Staphylococcus epidermidis, and antibiotic susceptibility tests are performed to provide doctors with essential information for selecting the best drug for treatment of the infection. Antibacterial chemotherapy is initiated and delivered through the intravenous catheter that was originally inserted into the patient. Within 7 days, the skin infection is gone, blood cultures are negative for S. epidermidis, and the antibacterial chemotherapy is discontinued. However, 2 days after discontinuing the antibacterial chemotherapy, the patient develops another fever and skin infection and the blood cultures are positive for the same strain of S. epidermidis that had been isolated the previous week. This time, doctors remove the intravenous catheter and administer oral antibiotics, which successfully treat both the skin and blood-borne infection caused by S. epidermidis. Furthermore, the infection does not return after discontinuing the oral antibacterial chemotherapy. What are some possible reasons why intravenous chemotherapy failed to completely cure the patient despite laboratory tests showing the bacterial strain was susceptible to the prescribed antibiotic? Why might the second round of antibiotic therapy have been more successful? Justify your answers.

Why would there be steatosis (lipid accumulation) in the liver of a patient with Systemic Carnitine deficiency? Why will skeletal muscle carnitine content remain below normal despite high-dose carnitine therapy in this patient?

1. Describe the effect of aging on the ANS?

2. What effect would cutting the vagus nerve branch that innervates the stomach have on gastric function?

3. In what ways are the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system different?

1)Wild-type snapdragon plants have green leaves.

Gardeners discovered and bred a new variety of the snapdragon plant that had golden leaves rather than green leaves. A cross between two golden snapdragons produced two types of progeny, some with golden leaves and some with green leaves, in a 2:1 ratio.

This phenotype ratio is typical of:

Group of answer choices

Incomplete dominance

Complementation

Maternal effect

Recessive lethality

2)Wild-type plants of the squash family synthesize a bitter chemical, cucurbitacin, that is toxic.

Through selective breeding, gardeners created squash varieties that are edible; these carry mutations in the enzymes needed to synthesize cucurbitacin. However, cross-pollination between different varieties with mutations in different genes produces progeny that are toxic!

This is an example of:

Group of answer choices

1-Maternal effect

2-Complementation

3-Recessive lethality

4-Incomplete penetrance

I) A 77-year-old woman was cooking in the kitchen when she collapsed onto the floor. Her daughter called an ambulance and the woman was taken to the emergency room. She had suffered a stroke, and slowly regained consciousness over the next two days. However, when she woke up, she had the following signs and symptoms: - paralysis of the right face and arm - loss of sensation to touch on the skin of the right face and arm - inability to answer questions but ability to understand what was said to her - ability to write down her thoughts more easily than to speak them

Questions : 1. Based upon the patient's symptoms, which lobe(s) blood supply is/are distrupted? (Be Specific)

2. Why was she paralyzed in the right face and arm?

3. What is the name of her language disorder, and what caused it?

4. Was this woman's dominant or non-dominant hemisphere damaged?

II) Define the following terms with an explanation/example(s):

a) Aphasia

b) Ataxia

c) Cerebrovascular accident

d) Cerebral palsy

i) Describe the etiology and types of CP?

ii) What treatment options (if any) are available?