Aging Brain.pdf

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2) Address the following questions in your discussion board post:

• What are some reasons that brain research is a growing area of interest?

• What types of images can be used to study the brain?
• What is the difference between normal brain changes with aging and pathological changes seen with brain diseases? Give an example of natural degenerative changes versus brain disease.
• What are some strategies that can be used to keep the brain young and healthy?

List the 5 classes of antibodies (immunoglobulins), explain the structure of each, and state a role that each plays in the immune system.

Food Science Question

You have developed ‘on-the-go’ jelly and butter packet containing equal amounts of grape jelly and unsalted butter. The product does not receive any heat treatment and is to be stored at room temperature. The water activity and moisture contents of the jelly and butter are shown in the table below.

a. When the jelly and butter are packaged and reach equilibrium, what will be the final a_w of the jelly and butter packets? Discuss which ingredients would gain or lose moisture and why.

b.Discuss why unsalted butter has a higher water activity and lower moisture content than grape jelly.

c. Would you expect microbial growth of occur in the jelly and butter packets? Discuss why or why not.

In Vitro fertilization allows for selection of an embryo with specific genetic traits. Have you read the book by Jodi Picoult, My Sister's Keeper or watched the movie based on the book? If you haven't read the book or seen the movie, here is a short synopsis of the story from Jodi Picout's website from which you can base your learning log on:

"Anna is not sick, but she might as well be. By age thirteen, she has undergone countless surgeries, transfusions, and shots so that her older sister, Kate, can somehow fight the leukemia that has plagued her since childhood. The product of preimplantation genetic diagnosis, Anna was conceived as a bone marrow match for Kate - a life and a role that she has never questioned… until now."

While the story is a work of fiction the ability to screen embryos to be selected for such a scenario is a reality. What do you think? Is this just an advancement of medicine or our we overstepping our ethical boundaries? Defend your side of the debate with some scientific research from a reliable scientific source or website.

Describe why the nitrogenase enzyme complex has to cycle electrons through 3 separate cycles during nitrogen fixation and explain what role ATP hydrolysis plays each time the electrons cycle through the complex.

The best fossil evidence suggests that life began 4 billion years ago. But free atmospheric oxygen didn't really peak until about 2.5 billion years ago. Multicellular animals did not arise until about 600 million years ago. While there is some evidence for photosynthesis and biological creation of free oxygen much earlier than that, it seems like much of the world was anoxic (without free oxygen) for over a billion years of evolutionary time. Oxygen is highly corrosive, and too much can be dangerous, even for those organisms that evolved to require oxygen (like us!). Based on what you know, what reasonable hypothesis/predictions might you make (i.e., not looking for the "truth" - looking for testable predictions!) as to why would the Atavistic Hypothesis predict that high levels of oxygen might be an effect treatment for tumors? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A. High oxygen levels might not have a deleterious effect on MC genes which seem to have evolved much later than the 2.5 billion year oxygen rise.

B. We know that muscle cells can switch from aerobic to anaerobic physiological pathways, so neither of the other answers makes much sense.

C. Multicellular organisms inherited the core unicellular reproductive genes/gene network with minimal modification.

how many HIS 3 and URA 3 enzymes are needed when we add 10 mM 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3 AT) to the growth medium as a competitive inhibitor of HIS3?

Births, deaths, and emigration/immigration define life history

1a. What are the different strategies for reproduction of semelparous and iteroparous pecies? What environmental strategies favor each one and why? (Inlude the trade-off strategy in discussion) (Explain with examples)

1b. Describe 2 organisms that have very different iteroparous life histories. Describe the environment the organisms grow in and their strategies for growth and reproduction. Relate answer to life history for evolution.

(K-strategists are organisms that have pretty low offspring production but high parental investment. K-strategists are most likely operating in a place where the population is at equilbrium in terms of envrionmental pressures on population size, or a slow life cycle. R-strategists are organisms that have many offspring but have small parental investment, r is a value of reproduction, or fast life cycle.)

Complex III is

1. an integral membrane protein
2. a peripheral membrane protein
3. involved in active transport of H+
4. involved in redox reaction
5. a, c, and d are correct

In various reptiles, temperature determines sex during development. Some scientists suggest that as Earth's climate becomes warmer, sex ratios in these species will be biased and the animals will become even more endagered. Is this concern warranted and why? What might happen to these populations as a result?

Examples of endergonic reactions/ processes is/ are

1. chemotaxis
2. Transcription
3. H+ gradient generation
4. Calvin- Benson cycle
5. All proposed answers are endergonic

Dideoxynucleotides terminate

1. translation
2. transformation
3. DNA replication
4. Transcription
5. Crisper editing

The Sucker's Gambit cancer therapy relies on what evolutionary phenomenon or strategy? (Select one).

A. Cells in a tumor differ from one another and actually compete with one another. Thus a goal is to find a way to make chemotherapy sensitive cells OUTCOMPETE non-sensitive cells BEFORE apply chemotherapy.

B. Cells in a tumor are different from one another. Attacking the chemotherapy resistant cells with pathogens will make them more susceptible to chemotherapy.

C. Neither answer is correct.