Question

Discuss the role of plant tissue culture methods for generation of (a) somatic hybrid plants, and (b) mutant plants with enhanced resistance to bacterial diseases. Please explain as detail as possible. Thank you.

Answer 1

Answer=

Role of plant tissue culture methods for generation of

(a) somatic hybrid plants, =Somatic hybridisation i.e. the sexual hybridization using isolated somatic protoplasts is a new tool to make the wide hybridization successful.

Products of fusion between two protoplasts could be cultured to regenerate a new somatic hybrid plant of desired genotype.

This technique has been mainly used for introgressing many useful criteria from the wild genotype to cultivated crop variety.

Production of cybrid i.e. the fusion between two protoplast -one partner with nucleus and another with cytoplasm,is also of immense importance in the plant breeding programme,mainly for production of male sterile line with the help of extra-nuclear genome.

development of hybrid plants through the fusion of somatic protoplasts of two different plant species /varieties is called as "somatic hybridization".

plant protoplasts are of immense utility in somatic plant cell genetic manipulations and improvement of crops.

Thus,protoplast provides a novel opportunity to create cells with new genetic constitution.

Protoplast fusion is a wonderful approach to overcome sexual incompatibility between different species of plants.

b] mutant plants with enhanced resistance to bacterial diseases.

1.Bacterial blight is a destructive disease of domesticated rice caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae.

The ethylene responsive transcription factors have been demonstrated to have a role in regulating the expression of pathogenesis-related genes.

The expression of cotton ERF in tobacco causes transgenic plants to exhibit greater level of reistance to Xanthomonas.

2.Engineering of a plant resistance against bacterial disease is based on the transformation with a gene encoding a toxin detoxifying enzyme from the pathogen itself.