1. Which of the following observations is true concerning the effect of body mass on demographics?

a. The higher the body mass, the higher the population density

b. The lower the body mass, the higher the population density

c. The higher the body mass, the higher the population size

d. The lower the body mass, the higher the population size

2. To determine population size in a population of immobile organisms such as plants, or for very small and slow-moving organisms, one could use:

a. A quadrat

b. Mark and recapture

c. Aerial surveillance

d. Their life table

e. The species distribution pattern

3. The size of a population has tremendous implications for the adaptability of future generation because of the importance of:

a. Food availability

b. Water availability

c. The ability of an individual to find a mate

d. Genetic diversity

4. The term used to describe the total number of individuals per unit area is the

a. life cycle

b. population size

c. population density

d. body mass

5. The maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain is referred to as the _________________.

6. Which of the following would be an example of an R-selected species?

a. Humans

b. Mice

c. Elephants

d. Cows

7. The top portion (leveling off) of the S-curve demonstrates the _________________.

a. R-selection

b. J-shaped curve

c. Exponential growth

d. Carrying capacity

e. Logistic growth

8. Weather, pollution, and natural disasters such as floods and fires are examples of density _______________________________ regulation.

9. The model of population growth in which population grows without any restriction on their growth is called ____________________________ growth.

a. Exponential

b. Logistic

c. Density dependent

d. Density independent

10. The model of population growth in which population growth will level off due to dwindling resource is called ______________________ growth.

a. Exponential

b. Logistic

c. Density dependent

d. Density independent

11. Which type of country is more likely to have a higher birth rate and higher proportion of young people than older people?

a. A country with zero population growth

b. A developed country

c. An underdeveloped country

12. Which of the following factors did NOT directly contribute to human population growth?

a. Education

b. Vaccination

c. Antibiotic usage

d. Sanitation

13. Human population growth is following:

a. An S-shaped curve

b. A J-shaped curve

c. Logistic growth

d. Zero population growth

14. Our large intestine serves as a home for millions and millions of bacteria, known as our normal flora. These bacteria live and thrive on our intestinal contents, especially on the cellulose which we cannot digest. In return, they suppress the levels of harmful bacteria and produce several forms of vitamins B and K. The relationship between us and the bacteria can be characterized as ___________________.

a. Amensalism

b. Parasitism

c. Commensalism

d. Mutualism

15. A massive forest fire devastated Yosemite National Park is 2013. The new growth which appeared the following spring is an example of __________________ ________________.

a. Keystone species

b. Foundation species

c. Climax community

d. Secondary succession

e. Primary succession

16. The otter is an example of a/an ________________ ___________________ in the Pacific Northwest. They feed in sea urchins, limiting their population. If the otters didn’t eat the urchins, the urchins would destroy the kelp. Kelp is giant seaweed, a major source of food and shelter for the ecosystem.

a. Foundation species

b. Keystone species

c. Climax community

d. Island biogeography

17. The number of vertebrate species in the Mojave Desert is estimated to be 380. This could be described as the __________________________ of the region.

a. Species richness

b. Relative species abundance

c. Foundation species

d. Climax community

18. When two species have population curves which increase and decrease in repetitive cycles, one slightly in advance of the other, it may be indicative of a ______________________ relationship.

a. Symbiotic

b. Parasitic

c. Commensurate

d. Predator-prey

19. Fat soluble compounds that are stored in the fat tissues of organisms, at ever increasing concentration as it moves up the food chain are serious threat because of ______________________________.  

20. In the food chain “grass --> grasshopper--> frog --> snake --> hawk”, grass is the ______________.

a. Producer

b. Secondary consumer

c. Tertiary consumer

d. Primary consumer

21. In the food chain “grass --> grasshopper--> frog --> snake --> hawk”, frog is the ______________.

a. Producer

b. Secondary consumer

c. Tertiary consumer

d. Primary consumer

22. When the primary source of energy is dead organic matter such as fallen leaves, plant parts or dead animal bodies, it is said to be a:

a. Climax community

b. Grazing food web

c. Food chain

d. Detritus food web

23. An autotroph which uses sunlight to produce its food is known as a __________________.

24. The trophic level of the food chain which has the least amount of energy would be the:

a. Tertiary consumer

b. Secondary consumer

c. Primary consumer

d. Producer

25. The term “trophic level” is best defined as the:

a. Water level

b. Size level

c. Energy level

d. Growth level

Grouse in Russia show a recessive mutation “short-tail” that causes problems in the control of direction when flying. In 2002 a survey of a large, freely interbreeding, population of 1,856 grouse revealed 142 with short tail feathers.

a) What proportion of the grouse population would you expect to be heterozygous at the short-tail locus

b) What proportion of the grouse population would you expect to be heterozygous at the short-tail locus

c) Due to rising affluence there was an increase in recreational grouse hunting. In a later survey of the grouse over some years it was found that a significant decrease had taken place in the population. In 2003 there were 2,861 grouse and in 2004 there were only 2,369 and all the surviving grouse had long tails. Support by calculation that this change would reflect greater vulnerability of short tail grouse to killing by hunters.

d)After further random mating of survivors what would be the percentage of homozygous dominants, heterozygotes and homozygous recessives expected in the next generation in the absence of any further hunting?

A phytochemical known as Barago has been found to be a competitive inhibitor of 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate onhemoglobin. What would be the effect of Barago on; (i) Adult hemoglobin, (ii) Fetal hemoglobin? [ Justify your response

in most ecosystems, the biomes of carnivores is greater than the biomass of producers

TRUE or FALSE

In older adults, chronic stress increases the risk of chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome because:

A. Chronic stress increases cortisol, which increases inflammation, which suppresses insulin signaling.

B. Chronic stress increases cortisol, which decreases inflammation, which stimulates insulin signaling.

C. Chronic stress decreases cortisol, which increases inflammation, which suppresses insulin signaling.

D. Chronic stress decreases cortisol, which decreases inflammation, which stimulates insulin signaling.

1. (a) Which of the following types of biomolecules would most likely be found embedded in a phospholipid bilayer?

So, Grime’s stress-disturbance classification vs. Winemiller & Rose’s opportunistic-equilibrium-periodic classification. Things to know: variables associated with each. Types of organisms that best fit each one (plants? Animals? Others?). Why are such classifications useful? What can we learn from them (example topics: conservation, invasive species, succession).

name one risk factors for CVD.

what is the difference between top down and bottom up processing?

Explain step-by-step the transduction pathway of Acetylcholine in the heart.

Can someone answer it for me and may i have the reference in apa format? thank you in advance!

1. What is cholesterol's mechanism of absorption, synthesis, esterification, and
metabolism?
2.Does the low-cholesterol diet translate to a lower risk of CHD?
3. Why is there a need to esterify cholesterols?
4. How does fatty acid contribute to the generation of energy via beta-oxidation
process.
5Why is there a presence of ketones in uncontrolled type 1 DM? Why is it
absent in type 2 DM?
6. How does phospholipid differ with triglyceride?
7. How does LP(a) differ with LDL in terms of structure?
8. What are the roles of various lipoproteins
9. What are the functions of various apolipoproteins
10. How are chylomicrons formed? How do they reach the circulation starting
from the intestines?
11. How does chylomicron transfer its lipid content to various tissues?
12. How does the intestinal pathway of lipoprotein metabolism work?
13. How does the hepatic pathway of lipoprotein metabolism work?
14. What happens to chylomicron remnants after the hydrolysis of its triglyceride
content (at least two events)?
15. VLDL also contains cholesterol and has Apo B-100 that can interact with LDL
receptors. Why is that it gives only its triglyceride contents to cells?
16. What are the two fates of VLDL remnants?
17. How does LDL deliver cholesterol to cells? Explain the mechanism
18. What are the two types of reverse cholesterol transfer pathways? Explain
each.
19. What is the clinical significance of lipid and lipoprotein testing?
20. What lipids and lipoproteins are associated with a higher risk of developing
CHD?
21. Aside from certain lipids and lipoproteins, what acute phase reactant is
considered as a sensitive predictor of risk for CHD?
22. What are the various methods used in measuring lipids and lipoproteins?
Explain each.

Can someone help me answer this question have the reference in apa format please ?
1. What is cholesterol's mechanism of absorption, synthesis, esterification, and
metabolism?
2. Does the low-cholesterol diet translate to a lower risk of CHD?
3. Why is there a need to esterify cholesterols?
4. How does fatty acid contribute to the generation of energy via beta-oxidation
process?
5. Why is there a presence of ketones in uncontrolled type 1 DM? Why is it
absent in type 2 DM?
6. How does phospholipid differ with triglyceride?
7. How does LP(a) differ with LDL in terms of structure?
8. What are the roles of various lipoproteins
9. What are the functions of various apolipoproteins
10. How are chylomicrons formed? How do they reach the circulation starting
from the intestines?
11. How does chylomicron transfer its lipid content to various tissues?
12. How does the intestinal pathway of lipoprotein metabolism work?

i edited it already just the 11 question. Can i get an answer for that please ?

1. For biology, energy is readily available from electron bonds between atoms of equal:

A) charge

B) atomic weight

C) magnetism

2. The order of electronegativity (great to small) of the following elements is:

A) O>>N>C=H

B) N>>C>O=H

C) C=H>N>>O

D) H<C=O<<N

3. 2^nd law of thermodynamics implies that for a multimer and all its monomeric subunits, (3 point)

A) many multimers in a system is a more stable situation than one monomer in that system

B) all monomeric subunits in a system is a more stable situation than the one multimer in that system

C) all monomeric subunits in a system is a less stable situation than the one multimer in that system

D) one multimer in a system is a less stable situation than many multimers in that system.

4. Reactions with a positive delta G

A) can occur as part of coupled reaction

B) are exergonic

C) are reactions that can never happen

D) reactions that do not require activation energy

5. Of the products of this redox reaction, compared to the reagents (3 point)

        XH + Y -> X + YH

A) X is oxidized, more stable

B) X is reduced, less stable

C) Y is reduced, less stable

D) A and C