You have an Hfr strain of E. coli that contains wild-type genes for maltose catabolism and alanine biosynthesis. You want to transfer these two genes into an F- strain that cannot use maltose and is auxotrophic for alanine, by conjugation. Your Hfr strain also has a tetracycline resistance gene located distal to the origin of transfer. You have a P1 phage suspension and any ONE strain of E. coli given in the MBIO 2020 lab manual at your disposal. Outline briefly how you would use these materials to carry out a successful conjugation and transfer the two genes of interest. You do not need to include experimental details, but you should give a medium that could be used to select for the successful recombinants after each gene transfer that you use. In the box below, briefly answer the following questions:

Why can’t you just conjugate the two strains as they are? (ie. why do you even need the P1 phage to carry out this experiment?)

What ONE additional E. coli strain from the lab manual would you use?

Outline a brief plan to transfer the mal and ala genes from the Hfr strain to the F- strain. Do not include experimental details (reagents, incubation times, number of test tubes, etc). DO INCLUDE an appropriate selection step for every gene transfer experiment that you use.

1.The TCA cycle in a particular tissue has been inhibited by fluoroacetate. However, it is not the fluoroacetate that is responsible for the inhibition. It gets converted to another molecule that enters the TCA cycle and is transformed into the inhibitor.

a) Propose the inhibitor molecule and mechanistically show the conversion of fluoroacetate to the inhibitor.

b) Indicate at what step fluoroacetate ultimately inhibits the TCA cycle.

c) Explain why you think fluoroacetate acts as an inhibitor of this enzyme? Your answer should include some sort of mechanistic explanation.

d) What difference in the concentration of each TCA cycle metabolite would you expect, compared with a normal uninhibited tissue? List each metabolite and indicate the effect on its concentration.

please answer all

Which of the following statements is false?

2)

Which of the following is an anti-HIV drug?

Biomaterial Interface Question

List and briefly describe 5 design features you could incorporate in the design of a blood contacting biomaterial.

Select a tissue you would like to interface with. Based on the physiology of this tissue, what design features might your incorporate in this biomaterial? Be tissue specific in your design.

You are performing a three-point test cross in order to map the order and distance between three genes, designated X, Y, and Z, and you obtain the following results:

Phenotypes      Number Observed

+ Y +                          1

+ + Z                          72

X + Z                           2

X Y +                           70

X + +                          3

+ Y Z                         2

X Y Z                           0

+ + +                          0

Which gene is in the middle?

a) X

b) Y

c) Z

d) There is not enough data to make this determination.

Which is the coefficient of coincidence for this data set?

a) 0

b) 1

c) 8

d) 0.5

e) There is not enough data to make this determination.

The life cycle of flowering plants exhibits the same alternation of generations seen in lower plants (n gametophyteà2n sporophyte; where 2n = diploid number of chromosomes of the species). How does this life cycle compare with that of higher animals?

1. In Drosophila, the genes for body coloration and eye size are on different chromosomes. Normal-colored bodies are dominant to ebony-colored bodies, and normal-sized eyes are dominant to eyelessness. Line A is true breeding for normal bodies and normal eyes, while line B is true breeding for ebony bodies and eyelessness. F1 flies are crossed and 352 F2 flies are produced. How many F2 flies are expected to have ebony body color and to be eyeless?

2. What is the probability that a plant of genotype ccWw will be produced from parental plants of the genotypes CcWw and Ccww? Assume that the two gene pairs demonstrate simple dominance/recessiveness and that they assort independently.
Type your answer as a decimal fraction with 3 significant figures (0.XXX).

3. Assume you cross dihybrids of Pisum sativum: R/r (round seeds) and P/p (purple flowers). If you obtain 328 plants from that cross, what would be the expected number of plants that would have the genotype: R/r, P/p?

What effect will the following mutations have on intestinal epithelial transport? Consider all the players that are being transported (water, Na+, glucose, K+)
a.  a mutation that inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPase
b.  a mutation that blocks binding of the glucose to the glucose transporter on the basolateral membrane

Sodium-coupled transport is an important way of moving molecules in and out of the cell. Cardiac cells have a transporter for both Na+ and Ca+2; for every 3 Na+ that come into the cell, 1 Ca+2 is exported out of the cell. Ouabain is a drug that inhibits the Na/K pump. Explain what would happen to Na+, K+ and Ca+2 if ouabain was added to cardiac cells (for simplicity’s sake, consider that the only two transporters involved are the Na/K pump and the Na/Ca cotransporter).

1. Auxin, Jasmonic acid and Gibberellin have the same basic signalling pathway.
   1. Create a diagram of this generalized pathway that can be used to describe any of these hormones (this is another example of a useful study tool for the next midterm).
   2. Identify the proteins with functions similar to ARFs in jasmonate and gibberellin response.
   3. What is ubiquitin?
   4. What is the function of the proteasome and how does it know what protein to act on?

Draw one water molecule with 4 hydrogen bonds to 4 other water molecules. Indicating partial positive and partial negative charges.

what is the mechanism that allows the HIV virus to remain in the cell, to get passed down to all descendants of that cells and to retain the ability to be reactivated for the lifetime of the patient?