You perform the disk diffusion test to test the antimicrobial drug resistance characteristics of a strain of Salmonella typhi. The ciprofloxacin disk produces a 15 mm zone of inhibition. Why exactly is the zone 15 mm and not 16 mm or 14 mm? Compare and contrast the components of the agar 14 mm away from the disk and the components present at 16 mm away from the disk.

PART ONE 1-5

1. In the cross AaBb X aaBb, what are the gametes for AaBb?

2. What is the genotype of a white-eyed male fruit fly?

3. Suppose you count 40 green tobacco seedlings and 2 white tobacco seedlings in one agar plate. do your results show that both parent plants were heterozygous for the color allele? Explain your answer.

4. Suppose that students in the laboratory periods before you removed some of the purple and yellow corn kernels on the ears of corn as they were performing the Experimental Procedure. What specific effects would this have on your results?

5. In the cross AaBb X aaBb, what are the genotypic (not phenotypic) results for this cross (be sure to include numbers of each)?

PART 2 6-10

6. In the cross AaBb X aaBb, what are the gametes for aaBb?

7. Suppose you count tobacco seedlings in six agar plates, and your data are as follows: 125 green plants and 39 white plants. What is the phenotypic ratio?

8. If a cross results in 90 long-winged flies to 30 vestigial-winged flies, what are the phenotypes of the parents?

9. If you count 52 purple rough corn kernels and 50 yellow smooth corn kernels, how many purple smooth corn kernels should you expect to count? How many yellow rough corn kernels should you expect to count? Explain your reply. (Hint: Remember our calculated ratios from the activity in class. How would you turn those ratios into actual counts?)

10. If offspring exhibit a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio, what are the genotypes of the parental (P) generation?

What do we know about the relationships that have low confidence? 6. What about the ones with high confidence?

a. In what ways are living agnathan fish not representative of the anatomy and ecology of the most primitive vertebrates?

b. How are hagfish “degenerate” early vertebrates?

We would like to align two DNA sequences: (v) C G A T A C T, and (w) G A T T C G T :

i) s(i, j) = 1.5 if vi = wj (matches);

ii) s(i, j) = -1.0 if vi != wj (mismatches);

iii) d = 0.25 (indels: insertions or deletions).

What would be the maximum alignment score? Explain how you get the result.

White eye is a recessive X-linked mutant in fruit flies. A wild type male is mated to a white-eyed female. What is the probability that an F1 son will be white eyed?

A. 0

B. 0.25

C. 0.5

D. 0.75

E. 1.0

unusal circumstances in immunohematology:

Cw

LW Antigen

V, VS deletions

• What is happening genetically? How is it inherited?
• Will this cause a type discrepancy? What will the results look like?
• How can you resolve the discrepancy (if any)?
• Are the any special Transfusion considerations? i.e.: does the patient have to receive a certain type? If so, what are they and what happens if the wrong type is transfused?

1. You have a lot of pet goldfish in a tank in your living room. You started your fish colony a couple of years ago from just 4 goldfish that were from the pet store (likely heavily inbred =very little genetic variation). One day you are cleaning the tank and notice a new juvenile fish with an unusual red spot on his tail. It is the only one in the population with this spot. What might be influencing this population? Why?

2. You are a chicken farmer in Hyattsville, MD and you have lots of chickens. Some lay brown eggs and some lay white eggs. By doing some quick counts over the past few weeks you see that your chickens lay about 80% white eggs and 20% brown eggs. A flash flood strikes your farm the next week. You save two of your 6 coops, the rest of the chickens are washed away. You move your remaining lucky chickens to higher ground, re-building the farm. Six months later, you re-do your egg count to find that your chickens are laying 60% brown eggs and 40% white eggs. What might be influencing this population? Why?

3. Bower birds are unique to Australia. These ground dwelling birds build elaborate grass nests and decorate them with brightly colored objects (often bits of trash and plastic) to attract a female. The birds use all sorts of colorful items and arrange their displays to try to be most appealing to the female (either using all one color of item or creating a rainbow jumble of plastic trash!) and arrange them artfully to attract females. The females choose their mates based on the brightness and elaborateness of the male’s nest displays. Why might these birds have evolved into such fantastic animal architects?

4. You decide to move to a remote island in Polynesia to conduct Anthropological ethnographic fieldwork. However, you refuse to leave your two Maine Coon cats behind, so you bring them with you to the island. The local stray cats on the island are all short haired, striped brown tabby cats. Your cats love to explore so you let them outside every night. A few years into your fieldwork you start to notice that the local island cats are looking different these days. You see many with bushy tails and some with long fur. What might be influencing this population? Why?

Discuss the adverse effects of free radicals in the body at the cellular level and explain the relationship they have with degenerative diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and others.

(( answer this in 5 or 6 sentencs, I don't need long answer)

Differences between viruses that infect eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Describe the genome classification of viruses that infect eukaryotes according to their structure.

1)A mutant E. coli was constructed containing a nonpolar null mutation in the lacZ gene. The null mutation resulted in a nonfunctional LacZ product. In the presence of lactose, would this mutant E. coli be induced to make Lac permease (LacY)? Why or why not?

2)What is the difference between a repressor and aporepressor?

Create a table of the following Nervous System and Eye Diseases  :

1. African Trypanosomiasis
2. Cryptococcal Meningitis
3. Leprosy
4. Tetanus
5. Poliomyelitis

Create columns as shown below: