Bacterial Quorum Sensing, Pathogenicity Islands, and Secretion Systems

1.bacterial quorum sensing may play a role in pathogenicity by:

a) Promoting initial colonization of a new host;

b) Enabling the bacterium to persist within that host; and

c) Allowing some of the bacteria to spread to a new location within a host or to a new host.

Question: Briefly describe how the ability to produce a type 3 secretion system might play a role in a pathogen colonizing the body and causing an infection.

The pathogen can be a bacteria, fungus, protozoa, or virus. In addition to the article, information to include in the paper should include, morphology, gram stain characteristics, virulence factors, susceptibility to antibiotics, host cells, nutritional needs, growth conditions, mechanisms used to evade the immune system and invasion into the host(s), interactions with the hosts and diseases caused and affected body systems. Additionally, students should explain symptoms when the pathogen infects a host, as well as a diagnosis and the therapeutic intervention needed after infection. You may also add information on statistics related to infection (epidemiology) and any new research findings related to the pathogen. Writing Requirements (APA format) I chose Toxoplasmic as my pathogen

Tumors (and cancer cells) are cells that replicate uncontrollably. Why would it benefit a provirus to convert a normal animal cell into a tumor cell?

Stomata begin to open with the first light of the day. If the water potential in the leaf drops to -0.4 MPa, what will the guard cell's water potential to be during the opening of the stomata?

Lipase is a versatile industrial enzyme that can be applied to various industries. It is one of the most important classes of hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol to diacylglycerol, fatty acids and glycerol. You are a bioprocess engineer assigned by your superior to work with a biotechnologist to provide a proposal on the upstream and downstream processing of microbial lipase targeted to the biodiesel processing application. To begin the project, you are required to present a preliminary investigation report on the following. a. Select a suitable microorganism and a lipid carbon source that can be applied to produce microbial lipase for the targeted application economically at industrial scale with justifications.

I have found a microorganism which can produce Microbial Lipase for biodiesel process application economically at industrial scale by doing research. I found out an article of microorganism name 'Streptomyces sp CS 326'.

The heading of the article says 'A neutral lipase applicable in biodiesel production from a newly isolated Streptomyces sp CS 326.'

what is meant by 'neutral lipase'? Is it different from Microbial lipase? And can i use this microorganism 'Streptomyces sp CS 326' for the production of Microbial lipase for biodiesel process application?

1. What is an animal? List characteristics describing animals.

2. What is the Cambrian Explosion?

3. Is the kingdom “Animalia” monophyletic or polyphyletic?

4. How do you describe invertebrates? What are examples of invertebrates?

5. List criteria that are used to classify invertebrates.

After visiting a dairy farm one summer afternoon in Utah, three members of a family develop fever, abdominal cramping and diarrhea with blood for 3 days. All three patients reported to their doctor that their symptoms developed the day after visiting the dairy farm where they sampled raw milk. Two of the patients (85 year old female and 18 year old male) became severely dehydrated and required hospitalization. The female patient died 1 week later of multisystem organ failure, related, in part, to gastroenteritis and underlying medical conditions that she had. The second patient was given IV fluids and antibiotics which resolved his symptoms after 1 week. Based on the information provided in this case study, answer the following questions.

1. What organism is the most likely etiologic agent that caused the infection in this family?

2. How was the disease acquired? Explain your answer.

3. Describe how this bacterium causes a more severe disease in immunocompromised individuals.

4. Describe the virulence factors associated with this bacteria.

Ways in which Chemical Control Agents May Affect Bacteria

1. Describe one way an antibiotic can inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis, state how that ultimately kills the bacterium, and give an example of such an antibiotic.

2. Describe one way an antibiotic can alter bacterial ribosomes, state how that ultimately inhibits or kills the bacterium, and give an example of such an antibiotic.

3. Describe one way an antibiotic can interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis, state how that ultimately kills the bacterium, and give an example of such an antibiotic.

Which of the following issues will not cause a direct defect in collagen synthesis/trafficking?

A) deficiency in vitamin C

B) deficiency in mannose-6-phosphate

C) deficiency in procollagen-N-propeptidase

D) deficiency in lysyl oxidase

List a primary, secondary, and tertiary intervention for breast cancer, what would you recommend as a screening policy?

How would deletion of the Runx3 gene affect T cell's development? Would you expect different results if you knocked out IL7 expression in thymic epithelial cells?

Rhodesian Ridgebacks are known for the distinguishing feature of the ridge of hair
running along their back in the opposite direction from the rest of the coat. Recent
studies have shown this to be due to an autosomal dominant mutation in the "Ridge"
gene (i.e., those homozygous recessive for the mutation are ridgeless). You have two
ridged dogs (Dog 1 and Dog 2) that you have decided to breed, but you are uncertain
of their exact genotypes.

1) After breeding your dogs, you observe that out of 10 puppies, 3 are ridgeless.
a) What are the possible genotypes of the ridged and ridgeless puppies {please use
"R" and "r" to represent the alleles)?
b) Based on these results, what are the genotypes of Dog 1 and Dog 2? Explain how
you know this.

2) When looking only at the ridged puppies, can you definitively determine the
genotype of each individual puppy?

3) Devise a breeding experiment that would allow you to determine the specific
genotype of each ridged puppy. You may breed any of the puppies to each other or
backcross with a parent (Dog 1 or 2). Please make sure you explain the rationale of
your breeding crosses (i.e., what outcomes would you expect to see and how does
this help you determine genotype).

One day while walking in the park, you observe a squirrel munching on an acorn,
when suddenly a hawk comes and grabs and eats the squirrel. What is the squirrel in
this situation?
A. Predator
B. Primary consumer
C. Prey
D. Secondary consumer
E. Both B and C
F. Both A and D
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You have formulated a hypothesis: "Pineapples contain more vitamin C than
oranges." To test this hypothesis you measure vitamin C levels in 20 oranges and 20
pineapples from trees that were grown in the same orchard under the same
environmental conditions (temperature, rain, sunlight). Select all statements that are
true about this experiment.
a The independent variable is the type of fruit
b The dependent variable is the number of each fruit
c The dependent variable is the orchard
d The independent variable is the vitamin C levels
e The temperature is a controlled variable

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A man carries the mutation for colorblindness on his X chromosome. Who will he
pass this mutation on to?
a Half of his sons
b All of his daughters
c All of his sons
d Half of his daughters
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In the scientific method, a hypothesis ______ .
a. is a proposed explanation based on observations
b. should be broad and non-specific
c. is a question asked by the researcher
d. is a statement of scientific fact
e. is a summary of scientific results

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What is the sequence of the mRNA made from the gene TTAGCGGAACT?
a. UCAAGGCGAUU
b. AAUCGCCUUGA
c. AGUUCCGCUAA
d. UUAGCGGAACU
e. TTAGCGGAACT
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When two atoms have the same atomic number but different atomic masses, what
are they called?
a. radioactive
b. ions
c. elements
d. isotopes
e. electrons

In humans, the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant. The allele for blue eyes (b) is
recessive. If a woman with genotype Bb and a man with genotype Bb have a child,
what will be the likelihood of the child having blue eyes?
a 0%
b 75%
c 50%
d 25%
e 100%
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What would be the result of a cell that underwent mitosis but not cytokinesis?
a Two daughter cells with no nucleus
b One daughter cell with two nuclei, each containing a normal number of
chromosomes
c Two daughter cells that are unusually small
d Two daughter cells with twice the number of chromosomes
e One daughter cell with one nucleus containing twice the normal number of
chromosomes
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What two processes are responsible for the transfer of information from genes to
proteins?
a respiration and translation
b translation and protein synthesis
c respiration and protein synthesis
d translation and mutation
e transcription and translation
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What is the function of the lysosomes?
a Packaging of proteins
b Digestion and waste removal
c Maintaining cell structure
d Production of energy
e Storage

outline the lytic and lysogenic cycle of a bacteriophage