How systems biology approaches can be utilized to engineer microbial production strains for biofuels and chemicals?

How can scientists utilize systems biology approaches to figure out how commensal and pathogenic microbiota modulate the host signaling, immune response, and other factors?

please answer both questions

Lately Jennifer is hungry all the time. She read on a Web site last night that if she limits her total fat intake to no more than 10% of her total calories, she can eat all the carbohydrates and protein that she wants, and she won’t gain weight. So Jennifer went right out to the yogurt shop down the street and ordered a large sundae with nonfat vanilla yogurt and fat-free chocolate syrup. She had to admit, though, that an hour or so after she ate it, she was hungry again. Maybe it’s stress ...?

1. What do you think of Jennifer’s approach to her persistent hunger?

2. What have you learned in this chapter about the role of fats that might be important information for Jennifer to know?   

3. What other physiological roles does fat play in the body?

Suppose an extra base pair is inserted into the coding sequence of a particular gene during replication. Describe how this may affect the translation of the polypeptide chain encoded by the gene.

Compare how many ATP molecules can be maximally formed by the breakdown of a glucose molecule in a cell lacking mitochondria, a cell that has mitochondria with ion channels specific to protons in its inner membrane, and a cell that has normal mitochondria.

Justifications for the calculations must be given and full accounts of the calculations must be provided so that the number of ATP molecules can be traced back to relevant reactions / processes.

Human FAV gene's coding region is 7440 bp long however the produced protein is 680 amino acid long. What is the reason? Explain scientifically using NUMBERS.

Controlling microorganisms in the environment is becoming increasingly difficult due to the development of resistance to common disinfectants and antiseptics. Some examples of chemicals that have been or which are currently being used are triclosan, triclocarban, benzalkonium chloride, and chloroxylenol, to name a few. Many scientists are now turning their attention to other methods to control bacterial contamination. Discuss using 'phages' and other methods to control bacteria. Do you think these methods are better? Safer?

discuss eye allergy symptoms in detail as well as the causes and treatments.

Researchers want to estimate the size of two populations of Galapagos tortoises on two different islands. They do this by making two trips to each island. On the first trip to Island A, 50 tortoises are captured and marked, and on the second trip, 60 tortoises are captured, of which 8 are marked.On the first trip to Island B, 47 tortoises are captured and marked, and on the second trip, 38 are captured, of which 13 are marked. Estimate the population sizes of Galapagos tortoises for these two islands. Round to the nearest whole number (2 pts.).

After 5 years, there are an estimated 386 individuals on Island A, and 139 individuals on Island B. Assuming geometric growth, which island has a higher growth rate? And what will the population size of each island be in another 5 years? Give your answers to 3 decimal places (5 pts.).

Give a definition of a PREADAPTATION in the context of vertebrate evolution and explain examples in two different vertebrate classes in which this has occurred. 300 words worth of questions. 10 marks

People are unable to break down trimethyl-amine, a compound in the diet, resulting in a fish-like odor in sweat, urine and breath.

1. Name the trait that causes these symptoms.

2. If this is a heritable trait, what is the mode of inheritance?

What is the type of mutation cause this syndrome, explain the change?

118 different elements have been recognized in chemistry. Out of those only 25 are involved in our body structures and functions. Which are the most and least important ones and why?

*Please be detailed and DON'T use older chegg answers, because they are not accurate. Also support you answer with books or online sources which you got your information from* Thank you in advance!

Compare and contrast the Fundamental with the Realized Niche. How will niche breadth respond to changes in competitors and resource availability?

1. Oxidation of 1g carbohydrate, fat and protein yields 0.56, 1.07, and 0.42 g metabolic water respectively. Retention of 1g of dietary protein yields 0.16 g metabolic water whereas 0.07g of water is prduced when 1 g of dietary fat and carbohydrate, respectively, are retained as fat.

For a lactating cow consuming 15 kg DM/day and feed contains 76% carbohydrate, 4% fat, and 14% crude protein;

How much metabolic water will the cow produce under the following scenarios:

(i) If 65% of carbohydrate, 70% fat, and 60% crude protein is oxidized?

(ii) If 15% of crude protein, 15% fat, and 12% carbohydrate is retained?

The reason why trypanosomes like Trypanosoma brucei are successful invading into the bloodstream is due to antigenic variation of a homogeneous Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) coat. However, to accomplish this, the trypanosome VSG gene in the active expression site is degraded and replaced with the donor VSG gene. Explain why there is not an eventual loss of these VSG genes in the trypanosome genome over time.

What are Limiting and Regulating Factors? What are density-dependent and density-independent rates of change? Give examples for all.