Many antibiotics work via selective toxicity. Explain how each of the following antibiotics is toxic to...

Many antibiotics work via selective toxicity. Explain how each of the following antibiotics is toxic to bacterial pathogens, but not* human cells. A) β-lactam drugs (such as penicillin, ampicillin, etc.) B) Sulfa drugs C) Tetracyclines

Expert Solution

A) β-lactam drugs :-

β-lactam or β-lactamase inhibitor antibiotics are substances that disrupt bacterial cell-wall formation via penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) where they bind covalently at the terminal step of peptidoglycan cross-linking in bacteria .

B) Sulfa drugs :-

Sulfa drugs are bacteriostatic; i.e., they inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria but do not kill them. They act by interfering with the synthesis of folic acid (folate), a member of the vitamin B complex present in all living cells.

C) Tetracyclines :-

Tetracyclines preferentially bind to bacterial ribosomes and interact with a highly conserved 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) target in the 30S ribosomal subunit, arresting translation by sterically interfering with the docking of aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) during elongation.

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gladiator answered 1 year ago

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