What does SDS- PAGE do? Why is measuring molecular weight valuable? How to pick PA gel density?

Evolutionary biology: Compare and contrast the Hamilton & Zuk hypothesis to the Immunocompetence Handicap hypothesis.

Q2 A mutant monkey was identified that showed resistance to a viral disease ‘Kansah’. The kan gene, responsible for the disease resistance, was identified and cloned. A molecular technique revealed the presence of kan in human cells. Later these researchers isolated RNA from liver, kidney, gut and skin cells. The researchers prepared cDNA using reverse transcriptase and then performed real-time PCR to measure the expression of the kan gene. The Ct values for samples from gut, kidney, liver and skin cells were 20, 25, 23 and 38, respectively. Answer the following questions

a. What is real-time PCR? How does it differ from the standard PCR?

b. What do you understand by the term Ct value? Explain using a figure.

c. Which cells have the highest expression of kan? Explain your answer.

d. If a liver cell makes 1,000 molecules of Kan protein, how many molecules will you expect from a single kidney cell?

e. If a liver cell makes 1,000 molecules of Kan protein, how many molecules will you expect from a single gut cell?

Homework is to right an essay about *Blood pressure measurement methodology* Minimum one page as a word document

Describe allosteric regulation of enzyme activity. How does allosteric inhibition differ from other modes of regulation, and how can these work in concert to finely regulate enzyme activity? Provide an example, describe in detail, and use diagrams to help illustrate your point.

What would happen if you implanted a capsule that slowly released high levels of estradiol in the AVPV of a female rat?

1- Natural selection (pick all that apply)

Group of answer choices

is a random event

can fashion perfect organisms

consistently creates non-adaptive traits

interacts with chance and the environment

does not require genetic variation to generate adaptations in descedent populations

2- Genetic drift can result when a few individuals colonize a new habitat - this is called what?

Group of answer choices

the founder effect

gene flow

genetic bottleneck

artificial selection

3- All animals belong to this domain.

Group of answer choices

Eukarya

Bacteria

Prokarya

Animalia

4- Pick characteristic(s) that apply to ALL animals.

Group of answer choices

Multicellular

single celled

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Heterotrphic

Autotrophic

have no cell walls

active movement in at least one stage of life

have specialized proteins like collagen

5- What is the type of symmetry where the left and right sides of the animal are mirror images?

Group of answer choices

Bilateral

Radial

Asymmetry

6- These are the most successful group of mollusks in terms of numbers and habitats occupied.
Group of answer choices

gastropods

cephalopods

bivalves

chitons

7- What do we mean by the trophic structure of an ecosystem?
Group of answer choices

the feeding relationships between organisms in the community.

the sum of all the globes ecosystems

a biome

the amount of bioaccumulation

8- The increasing concentration of persistent organic pollutants in organisms at each successive trophic level is referred to as what?
Group of answer choices

biological magnification

energy pyramids

food webs

feeding sickness

9- This type of terrestrial biome is a rainforest which is characterized by an abundance of evergreen trees. Several of these rainforests can be found here in Washington at Olympic National Park
Group of answer choices

temperate rainforest

tropical rainforest

tundra

temperate grasslands

1. The blob operon produces enzymes that convert compound A into compound B. The operon is controlled by a regulatory gene S. Normally, the enzymes are synthesized only in the absence of compound B. If gene S is mutated, the enzymes are synthesized in the presence and in the absence of compound B. Does gene S produce a regulatory protein that exhibits positive or negative control? Is this operon inducible or repressible?

2.A mutation prevents the catabolite activator protein (CAP) from binding to the promoter in the lac operon. What will the effect of this mutation be on transcription of the operon?

3.Compare the regulation of the lac operon and the effect on the production of ß-galactosidae when E. coli is grown under the following conditions:

a) In the presence of high levels of lactose and absence of glucose

b) In the presence of high levels of lactose and high levels of glucose

Introduction

1. What do these terms mean?

a. Catalase

b. Oxidative stress

c. Pathogen

d. Surfactant

e. Sigma S (RpoS, product of the rpoS gene)

f. Azide

2. What research question are the authors trying to answer?

3. What is the authors’ hypothesis?

4. Why do they want to test activity for HPII on clinical isolates of pathogenic E. coli?

5. What is their rationale for conducting the present study?

Article Link: https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/review?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:814b91f5-128c-44b5-806e-faba7dd5ce06#pageNum=1

DNA replication requires many enzymes to accomplish the process successfully. This results in a replication process that is known to be bi-directional, semi-conservative and semi-discontinuous. You discover a new prokaryotic organism that lacks the gene coding for an DNA polymerase I enzyme, and therefore this enzyme is not made in this species. Additionally, the DNA polymerase III enzyme from this organism lacks any 3’ to 5’ nuclease activity but has 5’ to 3’ nuclease activity. Based on what you know about DNA replication and the functions of DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III, discuss the effect of these changes on DNA replication in this organism. Please explain your answer in full.

Easy Plant bio question

4. What are 5 reasons scientists think Arabidopsis is amazing?

How do segment polarity genes differ in their mode of action from the gap and pair-rule genes? Explain why and give examples.

Virus is a typical endogenous antigen. First explain its pathway of antigen presentation, second how many mechanisms do we have in immune response against virus infection?