Compare and contrast the Fundamental with the Realized Niche. How will niche breadth respond to changes in competitors and resource availability?

1. Oxidation of 1g carbohydrate, fat and protein yields 0.56, 1.07, and 0.42 g metabolic water respectively. Retention of 1g of dietary protein yields 0.16 g metabolic water whereas 0.07g of water is prduced when 1 g of dietary fat and carbohydrate, respectively, are retained as fat.

For a lactating cow consuming 15 kg DM/day and feed contains 76% carbohydrate, 4% fat, and 14% crude protein;

How much metabolic water will the cow produce under the following scenarios:

(i) If 65% of carbohydrate, 70% fat, and 60% crude protein is oxidized?

(ii) If 15% of crude protein, 15% fat, and 12% carbohydrate is retained?

The reason why trypanosomes like Trypanosoma brucei are successful invading into the bloodstream is due to antigenic variation of a homogeneous Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) coat. However, to accomplish this, the trypanosome VSG gene in the active expression site is degraded and replaced with the donor VSG gene. Explain why there is not an eventual loss of these VSG genes in the trypanosome genome over time.

What are Limiting and Regulating Factors? What are density-dependent and density-independent rates of change? Give examples for all.

Name a membrane component that makes the membrane more permeable and one that reduces the permeability. Explain why each component affects the permeability it does.

Toads, Monitor lizards, Camels, walk out of the desert and into a pub in the Australian outback. There, over cold pints of Toohey’s and Cooper’s, they regale other pub patrons with stories how they survived an extremely hot and dry summer season.Fill in their narrative, using your understanding of terrestrial these animals’ thermo- and osmoregulation.

Life history theory examines trade-offs between the components of fitness. Birth weight is one life history trait that can be influenced by these trade-offs. Describe in detail one trade-off that has implications for variation in human birth weight.

What lines of reasoning support the hypothesis that the first self-replicating systems were based on RNA molecules?

What kinds of evidence support the three-domain concept of life?

What evidence supports the idea that the mitochondrion and chloroplast were once free-living members of the domain Bacteria?

Building on Dr. Allisons work on Sickle Cell anemia Dr. Pauling tested hemoglobin from diseased individuals, normal individuals and heterozygotes using ____________ technique.

State 2 incidence of mass poisoning of humans that involved arsenic. What are some of the uses of mercury and what is the aspects bioaccumulation of mercury?

Describe the contrasting roles of Rac and RhoA in regulating cell migration.

Why do small seeds commonly need “high quality” light exposure to germinate? What does “high quality” light mean from a plants perspective??

Vertebrates have a gene called Pax6, and this gene codes for a protein that functions as a transcription factor. Where-ever Pax6 protein is produced in young embryos, an eye develops. a. Where would the Pax6 gene be normally expressed in this embryo? b. If one could cause the Pax6 gene to be expressed on the stomach of an embryo, what do you suppose would happen? c. Pax 6 protein is a transcription factor. What does that mean in terms of protein function? d. Eye development is complicated, and it includes lots of cell  cell signaling (inductions). How is it that a transcription factor can result in cell to cell signaling?