Calcium plays a role during contraction of both skeletal and cardiac muscle, but there are important differences in the mechanisms leading to increased calcium concentration and contraction between both muscle types. Could you explain them?

Describe the general pathways and end products of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in each of the following mammalian tissues: a) Liver b) Adipose c) Muscle (skeletal and heart) d) Brain tissues e) Blood

How is glutamine used in nitrogen metabolism and Why is the activity of glutamine synthetase tightly regulated?

what are the effects of treachery smoking and secondary smoking.

How does NAP1/BI/027 vary from other C. difficile strains? 6 marks

List the compounds used as energy sources by each of the following: a) Skeletal muscle b) Cardiac muscle c) Brain

I have a few general questions

Pulmonary circulation: What is it? What is the specific purpose? What structures are involved? What's the function?

Lymph Nodes: What is it? What specifically does it do? Where is it found specifically?

Explain why there are different blood groups ALSO why is it that a person with Blood type O is incapable of receiving blood from blood type B?

Lastly

Describe the circulatory system between avian and non avian reptiles what are the main differences and why do those differences exist?

Imagine you discover a new organism. What fundamental feature(s) would tell you it is a member of the superphylum Ecdysozoa? What features would allow you to assign it to one of the three ecdysozoan phyla ?

Many emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic diseases and tracking down viral origins and reservoirs can be challenging. This video illustrates both the tremendous strides we have made in our understanding of viruses and how fragile humankind remains in the face of infectious agents

1.If you were in charge of distributing one-hundred million dollars in research funds but could only chose one viral disease to provide for, which disease would you endow and why?

2.How do you think the medical and scientific community should use your millions? The Age of Viruses (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Video, 50:39 mins)

What are the 2 key enzymes involved in nitrogen fixation and how does molecular oxygen affect the reductase complex, also how is this overcome?

With regard to T cell development in the thymus. How are tissue specific antigens expressed in the thymus?

7. In humans, ABO blood type is controlled by a single gene with 2 codominant alleles (I^A and I^B) and one recessive allele (i).  The population of humans in the city of Xanadu is 7568.  1874 of these people have blood type O and 1243 of these people have homozygous blood type A.  You will need to use a three-variable Hardy-Weinberg equation for this question: p² + 2pq + q² + 2qr + r² + 2pr = 1.  Note that p + q + r = 1.

a. (2 points) What are the frequencies of the I^A, I^B, and i alleles assuming this population is randomly mating and there are no significant evolutionary forces acting on the population?

b. (2 points) Estimate how many individuals in the population have each of the following genotypes: I^Ai, I^AI^B, I^BI^B, and I^Bi.

c. (2 points) Estimate how many individuals in the population have type A, type B, type AB, and type O blood.

d. (2 points) A disease suddenly emerges that kills 60% of people with type A blood (leaving 40% alive), kills 40% of people with type AB blood, kills 10% of all people with type B blood, and kills 5% of all people with type O blood. What is the frequency of each blood type in the population now?

e. (2 points) An effective vaccine is developed so the disease only affects a single generation. Using the values for the number of survivors with type O and homozygous type A blood, determine what the allele frequencies of the I^A, I^B and i alleles will be when the population of Xanadu has again reached Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.