Question

How does NAP1/BI/027 vary from other C. difficile strains? 6 marks

Answer 1

Clostridium difficile is strain of the bacteria which basically colonized at the intestinal tract, hospital based diarrhea in infants. These was broke out on 2003,which increased the mortality rate. Then further studies shows some changes in the epidemiology of CDI, which associated with the rapid emergence of hypervirulent strains of C. difficile, now collectively referred to as NAP1/BI/027 strains. CD1 produced endotoxins which leads to pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). On this disease it has been seen the presence of toxin in the patients stool, two toxins were identified, one of which exhibited enterotoxic activity (TcdA) and one of which functioned as a cytotoxin (TcdB). For the vaccine processing study of these toxins is essential. At 2000AD CD1 disease increased the mortality rate suspiciously. This C. difficile got the strain name called North American pulsovar 1 (NAP1), PCR ribotype 027, and restriction endonuclease analysis group BI (NAP1/027/BI). NAP1/027/BI strains have predominated in many hospitals and have changed perspectives on the severity of CDI. What was once considered to be a manageable illness is now a more substantial challenge to clinicians, and this appears to be due to the emergence of NAP1/027/BI-related strains.