look into these supplements to see if they are causing/contributing to psychiatric symptoms. Provide a source or reference

- catecostim

- Brain-E DHA

-Neuro O2

-Acetyl-CH

-Ultrabiotics

which spinal nerve innervates the main important muscle for our respiration, and to which plexus of the peripheral nervios system does it belong to?

How is messenger RNA made and processed to mature RNA. List all the steps

Why is the coagulase test important in diagnosing infections with Staphylococcus? How does

the production of coagulase benefit a species of Staphylococcus in causing an

infection?

1. Which of the following observations would support part of the energy-diversity hypothesis?
   1. The total number of plants per site (not plants per species) is higher in sites with high actual evapotranspiration (AET).
   2. The total number of plants per site (not plants per species) is lower in sites with high actual evapotranspiration (AET).

Match the following terms with their correct definition:

1.__ adventitious                          A. This is the general term used for plant tissues that have the ability to perform mitosis for plant growth.

2.__ elongation                            B. This is the layer of cells in the root where you would expect to find the casparian strip.

3.__ phosphorus                          C. This is the term used to describe the route of water uptake by roots through the cortical cell plasmodesmata.

4.__ xylem                                  D. This term is used to identify the oldest xylem tissue found near the center of stem of dicot tree.

5.__ CAM                                   E. This is a tissue that is a component of vascular tissue produced by the vascular cambium in dicot plants.

6.__ endodermis                          F_(AB) This is the term used for the prop roots produced by corn and the pneumatophores produced by mangrove trees.

7.__ tuber                                  G_(AC) This term is used to identify the region of a root tip that is responsible for the primary increase in length during root growth.

8.__ flaccid                                 H_(AD) This the general term for the primary conductive (transport) cells of the phloem vascular tissue of the plant.

9.__ mycorrhizae                         I_(AE) These are fungi that are associated with plant roots and contribute to nutrient uptake by roots.

10.__ meristems                          J_(BC) This term is used to identify the secondary xylem found in the stem of monocot trees when they produce wood.

11.__ trichomes                           K_(BD) One of the key macronutrients required for proper plants growth and function.

12.__ symplastic                          L_(BE) This is the term used for a modified stem used for the storage of photosynthetic products in a potato plant.

13.__ heartwood                          M_(CD) This is the descriptive term for a plant cell that has experienced a net extracellular osmosis over a period of time

14.__ sieve cells                           N_(CE) Modified form of carbon fixation that allows desert plants to avoid the worst effects of photorespiration.

                                                O_(DE) These are outgrowths of leaf epidermal cells and a able to reduce air flow and water loss from leaves.

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? Explain.

Explain why skeletal muscle is voluntary and cardiac muscle and smooth muscle are involuntary

10. You are using a stereo (dissecting) light microscope to view the structures of this sessile, multicellular organism. This organism does not photosynthesize, but rather secrets enzymes to break down tissues of other organisms, then absorbs the nutrients. You are viewing a member of…

a. Kingdom Fungi

b. the protists

c. Kingdom Plantae

d. Kingdom Animalia

e. Domain Bacteria

f. Domain Archaea

11. You are observing a multicellular organism that has chloroplasts and whose cells are differentiated (are different depending upon location in the organism). You are viewing a member of…

a. Kingdom Fungi

b. the protists

c. Kingdom Plantae

d. Kingdom Animalia

e. Domain Bacteria

f. Domain Archaea

12. You are observing a multicellular organism that does not have chloroplasts, is not sessile and does not secrete enzymes to break down the tissue of other organisms. You are viewing a member of…

a. Kingdom Fungi

b. the protists

c. Kingdom Plantae

d. Kingdom Animalia

e. Domain Bacteria

f. Domain Archaea

13. Archaea is a group of prokaryotes that are thought to have inhabited the earth for billions of years. Archaea that can live in high salt environments are called

a. extreme halophiles

b. extreme thermophiles

c. methanogens

d. moderates

14. You would most likely find this Archaea in a salt marsh living under several feet of mud (an anoxic – no oxygen - environment)

a. extreme thermophiles

b. extreme halophiles

c. methanogens

d. moderates

15. You perform the Gram stain on a sample of unknown bacteria. When you look at the sample under the microscope, the cells are pink. Based on this result, all of the following are false about the sample except

a. the cells have only one membrane

b. the cells have a thick layer of peptidoglycan

c. the cells were counterstained with Safranin which resulted in their color

d. the cells are Gram +

16. A sticky layer of polysaccharide or protein that surrounds some bacterial cells and enables them to adhere to their substrate.

a. endospore

b. pili

c. flagellum

d. capsule

17. A structure produced by some bacteria that enable the organism to survive harsh conditions.

a. endospore

b. pili

c. flagellum

d. capsule

18. The cell walls of fungi are composed of

a. chitin

b. peptidoglycan

c. cellulose

d. polysaccharides and proteins

19. The cell walls of plants are composed of

a. chitin

b. peptidoglycan

c. cellulose

d. polysaccharides and proteins

20. The cell walls of archaeans are composed of

a. chitin

b. peptidoglycan

c. cellulose

d. polysaccharides and proteins

21. The cell walls of bacteria are composed of

a. chitin

b. peptidoglycan

c. cellulose

d. polysaccharides and proteins

22. The cell walls of plants, fungi, bacteria and archaeans are composed of different polymers yet serve the same function (support and protection). What does this signify about their evolution? (2)

23. Binary fission in bacteria produces a(an)

a. identical copy (clone) of the original cell

b. new combinations of genes in the ‘offspring’

24. The process of a bacterium taking up DNA from its environment is called

25. The process of ‘bacterial sex’ (DNA transferred from one bacterium to another via a pilus) is called

26. The process of genes being transferred between bacteria via a virus is called

27. Why might sexual reproduction in bacteria be important? (2)

28. An organism that produces its own food using energy obtained from the sun is called a

a. photoautotroph

b. heterotroph

c. mixotroph

d. chemoautotroph

29. An organism that must eat other organisms to obtain food/energy is called a

a. photoautotroph

b. heterotroph

c. mixotroph

d. chemoautotroph

30. A protist that can photosynthesize and/or consume another organism is called a

a. photoautotroph

b. heterotroph

c. mixotroph

d. chemoautotroph

31. A prokaryote that can use oxygen if it is present, but can also live in the absence of oxygen is called a(an)

a. facultative anaerobe

b. obligate aerobe

c. obligate anaerobe

32. What is a biofilm? Give an example. (4)

33. Why was Kingdom Protista abandoned (or disbanded) in the early 1990’s? (2)

34. Both plasmodial slime molds and cellular slime molds belong to

a. supergroup Archaeplastid

b. the SAR supergroup

c. supergroup Excavata

d. supergroup Unikonta

35. Green algae belong to

a. supergroup Archaeplastid

b. the SAR supergroup

c. supergroup Excavata

d. supergroup Unikonta

36. Foraminiferans belong to

a. supergroup Archaeplastid

b. the SAR supergroup

c. supergroup Excavata

d. supergroup Unikonta

37. Trypanosoma brucei belongs to

a. supergroup Archaeplastid

b. the SAR supergroup

c. supergroup Excavata

d. supergroup Unikonta

38. A protist responsible for the ‘red tide’.

a. diatoms

b. foraminiferans

c. dinoflagellates

d. radiolarians

e. Trypanosoma

f. Volvox

39. A protist who photosynthesizes and has a test composed of silicon dioxide.

a. diatoms

b. foraminiferans

c. dinoflagellates

d. radiolarians

e. Trypanosoma

f. Volvox

Human impact on biodiversity is...

An invasive plant gets into your garden. It spreads through and out-competes all of you plants, reducing the local diversity. Which principle applies most directly?

A male stickleback fish has a violent response pattern to the sight of other male sticklebacks. What sensory system is being stimulated?

why is possible the escolarización of the neuron?

1) Think about the bisubstrate reaction F + G -> H that can be catalyzed by an enzyme that 10) obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Assume that [G] is so high that it is essentially unlimited.

Which one of the following scenarios is the one that can best be described as "first order with respect to F"?

=> [F] is three times lower than the Km.

Explain Why answer is [F] is three times lower than the Km.

14. Choose the answer and Explain Why
    If no ESI complex is ever formed, we can best conclude, based on our coverage of reversible 1inhibitors, that:

    1. A) the inhibitor is an uncompetitive inhibitor (but not the other two types)

    2. B) the inhibitor is a noncompetitive inhibitor (but not the other two types)

    3. C) the inhibitor could be either an uncompetitive or a noncompetitive inhibitor (but not the other type)

    4. D) the inhibitor is a competitive inhibitor (but not the other two types)

    5. E) the inhibitor could be either a competitive or an uncompetitive inhibitor (but not the other

       type)

In prokaryotic translation and transcription, what way does mRNA build and what way does it read? (ie 5' to 3')

what are the acute and urgent metabolic consequences if during a thyroidenctomy a parathyroidectomy is also
done?