Predict the effect of a bottleneck or founder effect on allelic diversity.

Choose the safer one of each matches and explain in detail why
⦁   runny poached egg or hard-boiled egg

⦁   boiled potatoes or french fries

⦁   ground meat or slice of meat

⦁   dried eggplant or fried eggplant

⦁   cold chicken sandwich or fried chicken salad

⦁   yoghurt or milk

Distinguish between morphological, phylogenetic, and biological species concepts. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? What notion is common to each of the species definitions that we considered? Why do species definitions matter in conservation biology?

In cell motility assays:

a. Do we need to perform a cytotoxicity assay parallel with the motility assay? Why or why not?

b. If you know the IC50 value of the compound to be tested on the motility assay, would you still need to perform the cytotoxicity assay? Why or why not?

c. Why do we use a DMSO control in cell-based drug assays? For example, do you need to include a DMSO control in every motility assay? Why or why not?

How does primary endosymbiosis from more complex organisms?

You are a scientist studying the possibility of life on other planets. You find a planet that has a harsher environment then earth what type of organism Archaea, Bacteria, or Eukaryote would you expect to find there? Why?

1a)Explain cell-matrix interactions. Why they are important for the control of growth and development of tissue engineered product?

1b)b. What is the relation between a material surface and cell fate?

Provide an overview of how gel electrophoresis can be used to analyse genes after

treatment with restriction enzymes or amplification using PCR.

Comment on the reliability of each of the protein concentrations in a set of test tubes where the absorbances are know but the unknown concentration were determine from a standard curve.

why some type of viruses could cause cancel while their is not any bacterial could cause cancer? what is the reason that make virus that virulence ?

When given the basis of the genetic test, analyse an agarose gel electrophoresis

result to genotype individuals or identify mutations.

Explain at least three issues studies have found regarding elder abuse.

A. List the 3 stages of translation.  B. Briefly describe what happens at each stage.

Transcription of the mammalian Cytochrome P450 1A1 gene is induced by xenobiotics such as dioxin. The mechanism of induction illustrates many steps which are typical of signal-regulated transcription factors. （16 marks）

1. Describe in detail the steps involved in dioxin induction of this gene
2. Outline an in vitro experiment you could carry out to show that Arnt is essential for the dioxin receptor to bind to the response element of the Cytochrome P450 1A1 gene.

no more detail！Thx

Explain the process of DNA replication in E.coli. Include a description of the role of the key enzymes in your discussion. [14 marks]

What types of energy were people living in the area now called California using 500 years ago?

What are the “three Rs” of waste reduction, which is the most efficient and important? Which takes the most energy?