1) Pick one of the phases of mitosis, and compare it to the similar phase in meiosis I and meiosis II. For example, compare and contrast prophase of mitosis with prophase I and prophase II in meiosis. What is similar, and what is different? Use correct terminology (sister chromotids, sister chromosomes, centrosome, ect.)

2) What was something new that you learned from chapter 9? How would you explain this new information to someone interested in learning about inheritance? Did it change your perspective on genetics? How and/or why?

Topic in chapter 9

Mendel’s law of segregation describes the inheritance of a single character.

Mendel developed four hypotheses, described below using modern terminology.

​There are alternative versions of genes (called alleles) that account for variations in inherited characters.

​For each character, an organism inherits two alleles of a gene, one from each parent.

An organism that has two identical alleles for a gene is said to be homozygous for that gene.

An organism that has two different alleles for a gene is said to be heterozygous for that gene.

Five conditions are required to maintain the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in a population.
A. Closed population
B. Large population
C. Random mating
D. No net mutations
E. No natural selection
If any of these conditions is not being met, the allele frequencies in the population will change, leading to microevolution in the population.
Match each of the following scenarios to the Hardy–Weinberg condition that is not being met:

                       An increase in antibiotic resistance among bacteria exposed to antibiotics occurs.

                       Caribou from one herd move to a new area and breed with caribou of a completely different herd.

                       Among eastern bluebirds, more brightly coloured males breed with more brightly coloured females.

                       Due to overhunting, there is little genetic diversity in the current population of bearded vultures, which have all descended from a population of only 36 birds.
  

Define these terms: [ Note: *Singular: (-ium); plural: (-ia)]

Using an interneuron as your point of reference, describe the difference between excitatory graded potentials and action potentials. Include the following in your answer for EACH type of potential.

A) WHERE the potential is generated in the neuron

B) WHAT triggers the generation of the potential (“kind of stimulus” and type of ion channels that open/close)

C) DISTANCE traveled (short/long) and INTENSITY over that distance (constant/decremental)

Choose the correct frequency for the following statements.

Statement
                       A sample of a mouse population has a frequency of 0.18 for the dominant allele for black hair coat (B).

                       A sample of a mouse population has a frequency of 0.32 for heterozygote coat colour individuals (Bb).

                       A sample of a mouse population has a frequency of 0.48 for white coat colour individuals.

Frequency
A. Allele frequency

B. Genotype frequency

C. Phenotype frequency

Receptor binding motifs such as RGD have highly selective recognition for cell adhesion. Outline a strategy for incorporating a cell adhesion. Outline a strategy for incorporating a cell adhesion recognition domain to a biomaterial. Address the problems surrounding domain quantity, type and affinity in your discussion.

1. Is the Purple Stem trait dominant or recessive? Support your conclusion with examples from your laboratory observations.

2. Is the dwarf stem trait dominant or recessive? Support your conclusion with examples from your laboratory observations.

3. Based on your observations, what are the phenotype and genotype of the P1 plant? What did you deduce to be the genotype and phenotype of the P2?

4. Based on your observations, draw the Punnett square for the cross of the P1 and P2 parental plants.

5. Based on your observations, draw the Punnett square for the cross of the F1 plants.

a. Based on the Punnett square above, what is the percentage of offspring that are predicted to have purple stems and dwarf stem 3 © 2019 Carolina Biological Supply Company height? How did this compare to the results that you obtained in this lab?

b. Based on the Punnett square above, what is the percentage of offspring that are predicted to have non-purple stems and dwarf stem height? How did this compare to the results that you obtained in this lab?

c. Based on the Punnett square above, what is the percentage of offspring that are predicted to have purple stems and normal stem height? How did this compare to the results that you obtained in this lab?

d. Based on the Punnett square above, what is the percentage of offspring that are predicted to have non-purple stems and normal stem height? How did this compare to the results that you obtained in this lab?

Can you please fill in empty chart data and answer questions. Will rate, thank you.

Compare and contrast the roles of ECM proteins; collagen and proteoglycan. List several of the collagen types and their distributions where they are found.

PLNIP is a gene found in the human genome that is responsible for the production of lipase. Lipase is a type of protein enzyme that digests lipids.

Some events in the creation of lipase

1. mRNA is brought to the ribosome

2. RNA polymerase copies PLNIP

3. elongation of polypeptide chain occurs

4. tRNA reads the codon UAA

The sequence in which the events numbered above occur when lipase is produced are ____, ____, ____, and ____.

(Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical response section of your answer key)

How does the young Charles Darwin (well before the publication of On the Origin of Species) fit into the history of marine science?

According to game theory, what should we expect in a situation where two individuals are interacting over a period of two weeks and both individuals know that they will never interact again once the two weeks are up? Assume the payoff matrix describing these interactions takes on the general form of a prisoner's dilemma payoff matrix.

Explain the reasons for differences in nerve conduction velocity

Explain the impact that changes in sodium (Na), potassium (K), or even myelination will have on nerve conduction.

2. Coastal rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) move between marine and freshwater systems yet are homoiosmotic organisms. What is meant this? What physiological challenges do these fish have to meet in each environment (marine and freshwater)? How does their physiology change to overcome these challenges?

Compare and contrast biofilms and tissues (like cardiac muscle).