Why must the circulatory and respiratory systems work together?

Explain the differences between the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin's natural selection and Lynn Margulis Endosymbiosis. Are the theories testable and expensive, according to Steven Gould's standards? Does the apparent contradiction between the theories weaken or strengthen the theory of evolution? Why or why not? Feel free to address Michael Pollan's discussion about planets and Lovelock's Gaia theory to round out your ideas.

Provide a brief overview of the mechanisms employed to accomplish the relatively constant blood glucose level in humans of ~5mM and comment on why it is necessary.

Internal thermal regulation is an example of this property of life:

Select one or more:

a. evolution

b. homeostasis

c. reproduction

d. order

Crop improvement can be done by conventional plant breeding or by genetic engineering. Can you describe the two methods?

What does the dye intensity tell you? What information do you get about the fold change? Why is it important to look at both types of data when considering if a gene might be important for the process you want to study?

Name the parts of an operon and why are they for prokaryotes and not eukaryotes .

    -Where is it okay to have transpooons and where it may be dangerous

-what are all the Rnas and Dnas and their function

2. Sugars are essential components of nucleic acids.

a) Provide the precise chemical description (anomer, isomer and either pyranose or furanose form) of the circular stereoisomers that are formed by ribose in cells.

b) Which circular stereoisomer (anomer, isomer and either pyranose or furanose form) is found in DNA?

c) Using the language of the unit, give an explanation whether the sugar components of DNA are reducing sugars? . (no more than 50 words; use key words).

In the context of rotational crossbreeding compare the use of crossbred sires relative to the use of purebred sires with respect to: (3 pts)

a. hybrid vigor

b. breed complementarity

c. consistency of performance

d. simplicity

e. accuracy of genetic prediction

Compare to all above, a,b,c,d, and e

How does the ‘bioassay’ GMS testing method differ from the other techniques?

Seed Science & Technology

1. Give a complete, all-encompassing definition of a gene. Discuss each part of your definition. Is the definition of the gene as determined through complementation, recombination, and mutation for prokaryotes directly applicable to eukaryotes or must some additional considerations be taken into account? Explain.

1. Describe/draw/label in detail the process of Transcription & Translation. Make sure to identify all key items and their roles IN UR OWN WORS. (10th grader to understand)

2. Sketch and label a food-web that includes at least 6 different items. Make sure to have the arrows show how energy flows from one trophic level to the next.

Individuals who actively smoke have a much higher rate of lung infection. Explain which first-line defense mechanism may be impaired by smoking which allows pathogens to more readily enter the lower respiratory tract.

Explain the path taken by microorganisms from one specific portal of entry, through the establishment of disease, and end in their exit from one portals in the host.

Steps

a) add 20 grams of oysters to 20 mL of saline to give a 1:2 dilution slurry

b) Transfer 5 grams of the slurry into a conical tube.

c) Prepare a 1:10 serial dilution by adding 20mL of saline to the measured 5 g of slurry ( this step effects a 1:5 dilution but that sample was already diluted 1:2)

d) Prepare a 10^-1, 10^-2, and 10^-3 serial dilution in culture tubes with 9 mL of saline

e) plate 0.1 ml of each dilution onto an agar plate.

f) two plates from the 10^-3 dilution made colonies of 112 colonies and 58 colonies.

1. Show calculations for the serial dilutions with units

2. calculate the CFU/g for each plate with colonies with units