1) Some researchers have argued that paraphyletic groups are not “real” and should not be used in scientific discussions. What do you think?

2) The fact that organisms evolve by natural selection means that adaptive explanations make sense in biology. Does this mean that every organismal trait has an adaptive explanation?

Part A - Identifying the Processes of Replication, Gene Expression, and Recombination

This activity requires that you correctly identify the processes of DNA replication, gene expression, and recombination by matching images to brief descriptions of each process.

Drag each of the items into the appropriate bin.

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What is epithelial-mesenchymal transition? Name couple examples.

Step 1: If 75 kg of "Molecule Z" is distributed amongst 5,000 organisms that weigh 2 kg each on average, what is the concentration, by mass, of "Molecule Z"?

Step 2: Assuming that 70% of "Molecule Z" from above is lost between trophic levels, and the next trophic higher level consists of 10,000 individuals weighing 0.1 kg each, what will the concentration of "Molecule Z" be in this next higher trophic level? (Hint: remember that what is not lost is what is passed to the next trophic level).

7) _photosynthesis___ is the process that involves rubisco fixing oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, resulting in a depletion of organic material in the Calvin cycle and an overall reduction in photosynthetic activity.

8) Noncyclic electron flow in the photosystems produces ATP

Parasitic plants have lost many of the morphological and generic traits necessary for an autotrophic lifestyle. From an evolutionary point of view, how do you think this happened?

1) Explain how this cellular mechanism affects variation: Crossing over

Briefly explain how the mechanism (crossing over) could contribute to genetic variation in offspring. Be specific how this mechanism gives this result, when it occurs during the cell cycle, and be specific as to the type of genetic variation produced (from base-pair sequences to whole genomes).

21- What is the type of body cavity where the organs are surrounded by tissue layers which suspend and protect the internal organs?

Group of answer choices

Coelom

Pseudocoelom

Acoelomate

22- These animals were the first to make it onto land ~460 million years ago.

Group of answer choices

Arthropods

Flatworms

Roundworms

Molluscs

23- This flexible rod like structure found in all chordate embryos is replaced by the vertebral column in most vertebrates.
Group of answer choices

notochord

dorsal, hollow nerve cord

pharyngeal clefts

post anal tail

24- This embryonic chordate structure develops into the brain and spinal cord in most Chordates.

Group of answer choices

dorsal, hollow nerve cord

notochord

pharyngeal clefts

post anal tail

25- The embryonic structure develops into gills in some chordates.

Group of answer choices

pharyngeal clefts

post anal tail

notochord

dorsal, hollow nerve cord

26- This unique chordate structure likely evolved for swimming and persists in many adult chordates but is a vestigial structure in our primate lineage.
Group of answer choices

post anal tail

pharyngeal clefts

notochord

dorsal, hollow nerve cord

27- In this filter feeding worm-like nonvertebrate chordate, the four unique embryonic structures persist into adulthood.

Group of answer choices

lancelet

tunicate

lamprey

hagfish

28- In this suspension feeding nonvertebrate chordate, the tail, notochord and the dorsal, hollow nerve cord all cease to exist in the adult animal.

Group of answer choices

tunicate

lancelet

lamprey

hagfish

29- What two unique features do all (and only)mammals share?
Group of answer choices

hair and mammary glands

teeth and four chambered heart

endothermic and closed circulatory system

vertebrae and thoracic breathing

30- These aquatic filter feeding animals lack true tissues and organ systems.
Group of answer choices

sponges

jellies

sea stars

polycheate worms

Some land plants live in water.

a) What are the problems associated with that environment?

b) How do plants cope?

what are three important properties of water and why does it have such characteristics

A experimental drug XYZ blocks transport of proteins from the ER to the Golgi (anterograde transport), but not Golgi-to-ER trafficking (retrograde transport). Propose 3 possible targets of this drug

You have isolated a protein, JAMP (Just A Membrane Protein), from the plasma membrane of a cell. Describe 3 ways to determine whether JAMP is a transmembrane or peripheral protein.

Some people can have atypical karyotypes, which are caused by an error during one of the processes of cell division. Which process would an error result in an individual having either an extra or a missing chromosome?

A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Both
D. Neither