Why do arteries have tough elastic walls? What is the function of capillaries? Why are capillaries more narrow compared to arteries?

1. Define pH. What does pH measure?

2. Write the definition of an acid. Give two examples of an acid. Organic acids tend to contain what group of elements? (See lecture notes.)

3. Write the definition of a base. Give two examples of a base. Some organic bases contain what group of elements? (See lecture notes.)

4. Compare a hydrogen ion and a hydrogen atom. (Hint: see your chapter 2 worksheet). What atomic particles (and how many) are present in a hydrogen ion? What atomic particles (and how many) are present in a hydrogen atom?

This cell structure contains catalases, specific enzymes devoted to the detoxification of peroxide: A. Golgi apparatus B. Mitochondria C. Peroxisome D. Lysosome

You have an unknown concentration of potassium permanganate. You have determined the wavelength at which this substance has the maximum absorbance. How would you generate a standard curve? How would you use this curve to determine the concentration of your unknown

A cell starts will 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in each daughter cell following successful mitosis and cytokinesis? Select one: a. 23 b. 92 c. 46 d. 24 in one daughter cell and 22 in the other daughter cell.

1) How does our body control activation/ deactivation of some digestive enzymes?

Select one:

a. Changing the body temperature

b. pH

c. Changing the shape of the protein

d. feedback inhibition

e. None of the above

10. What is surfactant and why is it important?

11. What circulation is associated with the right side of the heart? The left?

12. What is hemoglobin?; what does it do?

13. Where in the body does hemoglobin pick up oxygen where does it release it

I marked the correct answers to these questions, but I just want to know how to solve them.

1) In a cross of AaBbCcDdEeFf X AaBbccDdEeFf, what proportion will have the ABCDeF phenotype?

A. 27/64

B. 27/128

C. 27/512

D. 81/512

E. 81/2048 ####

2.) In a cross of two flies +/vg Cy/+ +/se +/ab X +/vg +/+ se/se ab/ab what proportion of the offspring will be mutant in phenotype for all four markers?

A. 0

B. 3/64

C. 1/16

D. 1/32 ####

E. 1/64

3) A cross of two heterozygous individuals produces 74 dominants and 26 recessives. What is the chi-square value for these results?

A. 8/25

B. 16/75

C. 4/75 ####

D. 8/75

E. 12/25

4) Shell orientation in snails is due to a maternal effect gene. A true breeding sinistral (recessive) is crossed to a true breeding Dextral (dominant). The offspring from that cross are self-crossed. What will be the expected ratio of shell types?

A. All sinistral

B. All Dextral ####

C. Half sinistral, half Dextral

D. ¾ Dextral, ¼ sinistral

E. ¾ sinistral, ¼ Dextral

19) In peas, axial (A) flower position is dominant to terminal (a), tall (L) is dominant to short (l), and yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y). If a plant that is heterozygous for all three traits is allowed to self-fertilize, how many of the offspring would be dominant for all three traits?

A) 3/64

B) 9/64

C) 27/64 ####

D) 32/64

E) 64/64

20) The product H substance is needed to express the blood antigen. A mating of IA I B Hh X IA I B hh should produce what ratio of blood types?

a) 1/4 AB, 1/8 A, 1/8 B, 1/2 O ####

b) 3/8 AB, 3/16 A, 3/16 B, 1/4 O

c) 1/4 AB, 3/16 A, 3/16 B, 3/8 O

d) 3/16 AB, 3/8 A, 3/16 B, 1/4 O

e) 1/8 AB, 1/4 A, 1/8 B, 1/2 O

The lacI gene regulates transcription of the structural genes by producing a repressor molecule that is allosteric, meaning that

Describe primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure and differentiate among the structures based on

• Stabilization by intramolecular covalent bonds
• Stabilization by hydrogen bonds
• Stabilization by hydrophobic effect
• Function in binding ligand
• Regulation of function by allostery

Calculate ?Go for the oxidation of NADH by FAD. Why is this reaction significant? Where used in metabolic processes? Eo’ = -0.219 V for FAD (electron acceptor) and –0.315 V for NADH (electron donor)

Giving examples, explain why changing the pH to extreme values can have significant effects on catalytic function of enzymes  [4 points]. What can you use to minimize effects of changing pH on enzymatic reactions? [ 1 point]

A patient came into the office suffering from flu like symptoms, accompanied by Fever, Abdominal pain, Back pain, Chills, Excessive sweating, Fatigue with joints pain. The fever has been an up and down fever. The patient said he had visited a farm a week ago and had drunk milk. He did not know if the milk or the yoghurt he had caused this. 1. What infection does he have? Name the causative agent. 2. How did he become infected with this microbe? Explain the pathogenesis of this disease. 3. What are the virulence factors for this pathogen? What would be the treatment based on the virulence factors and why? Why is it considered as a food borne illness yet there are no symptoms that indicating it is? 4. Name another agent that also causes infection but in pasteurized dairy products? What are the virulence factors for this pathogen? How would you treat it based on that? 5. The patient does not have diarrhea, however how would the type of diarrhea assist in the identification of diseases. Give at least 3 examples stating the agent its disease, type of diarrhea, virulence factors and treatment.