Question

Science continuously moves forward and uncovers more and more about the human body. We have made monumental strides in human genetics and this has led to recent discussions about patenting genes. This sits in front of the Supreme Court and could have a major impact based upon the decision. Research the pros and cons of this issue and share with the class.

Answer 1

Pros of gene patenting:

1. The primary benefit that is associated with gene patenting is research-related. By being able to patent genes, a company has the financial stability and security that will allow them to continue with their research. Instead of needing to worry about their competition coming up with a similar therapy and beating them to the market with it, they can verify results and come up with effective medical treatments to alleviate human suffering.

2. Gene patenting also helps to reduce conflicts within the medical research community so that the focus can be more toward healing. This helps to provide more information to the general public about what research is going on because there is less of a fear that a specific patent could be stolen through industrial espionage efforts.

3. Patenting also provides investors with a security that they have the chances of getting a return on their money. Because there are proprietary methods associated with these genes, these methods can help to continue a cycle of investment that benefits all of mankind.

Cons of gene patenting:

1. The primary issue with gene patenting is that the Supreme Court of the US has ruled that only artificial genes can be patented. Because no natural gene sequences can be patented, this prevents companies from focusing on direct research on human gene sequences, thus focusing on more potentially profitable, but less reliable, artificial genes that can be patented.

2. Another issue with gene patenting is an unintended monopolization of one field of research. All it takes is one specific artificial gene to potentially create cures in genetic diseases, which means that one company has the potential of monopolizing a field of medicine for profitability. This limited access could create a society based on different classes and their ability to access this technology.

3. Because patents are company-specific, there is an associated cost that each patient must pay to use a patented product. This increase healthcare costs overall for everyone – even in a free market healthcare system.