Provide a visual diagram/drawing (with arrows & brief descriptions) of what happens if toxic waste (solid and liquid) is accidentally dumped and leached into the Zanker Recycling Facility in Alviso, CA (10 points)? For example, how do leachates recycle and affect the wildlife & people that live near the landfill? What about any groundwater under the facility? Also, list three federal acts administered by the US EPA that are in place to minimize and or regulate potential environmental damage to the natural resources. Provide support for each statement.

Which of the following will increase renal filtration i.) decreasing the radius of the afferent arteriole ii.) increasing the radius of the afferent arteriole iii.) decreasing the radius of the efferent arteriole iv.) increasing the radius of the efferent arteriole v.) increasing the blood pressure vi.) decreasing the blood pressure. A.) i, iv and v B.) ii, iii and v C.) ii, iv and vi D.) i, iii and vi E.) ii, iii and vi

Genome sequences are useful to search DNA databases. Proteomics on the other hand is searchable protein sequence data that allows for comparison within and between species. However, protein expression by an organism changes during growth, disease, and the death of cells and tissues. Compare DNA genome and proteome analysis as resources to understand gene regulation. What comparisons can be made to understand gene expression and protein synthesis at various stages of an organisms life cycle?

For questions 2 – 5, identify which of the three instruments (50 mL beaker, 10 mL graduated cylinder, or 100 mL graduated cylinder) you would use to measure the indicated quantities:

2. 95 mL of water

3. 4 mL of alcohol

4. 150 mL of salt water

5. 9.4 mL of hydrogen cyanide

6. What is a meniscus? How is the meniscus used for identification of volumetric measurements?

What is TRUE about the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells?

Does not require modification of junction complexes between cells

Is a characteristic of benign tumors

Occurs at an early stage of carcinogenesis

Requires that cells undergo massive cytoskeletal rearrangements

Is the least serious aspect of cancer from a health perspective

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Modern ecology was born into a science upon the realization that human activities were negatively affecting Earth’s ecosystems and while the ocean was once thought to be too vast to be impacted we now know that is not true. Is there value in asking ecological questions without considering human interactions? Support your argument by discussing three topics

Amphibians were the first tetrapods, list all of the evolutionary milestones that first appear in amphibians. Describe in depth ways amphibians are similar to boney fish.

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Describe and explain (think mechanisms here – why not other locations?) the general distribution across depth and latitude of coral reefs, seagrass meadows, kelp forests, and salt marshes in the world oceans. How might climate change impact these distributions?

Which of the following statements about heterotrimeric G proteins is FALSE.

Upon activation by a G-protein coupled receptor, the G-protein usually breaks into two complexes, each of which can activate target proteins.

The α subunit is bound to GTP when the protein is in the inactive state

The activated a subunit switches itself off by hydrolyzing its bound GTP

G-proteins can activate membrane-bound enzymes and ion channels

Once activated by a receptor, the α subunit can dissociate from the receptor

Binding of a signal to the receptor tyrosine kinase DIRECTLY, initially causes:

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Compare and contrast the effects of fishing on the community structure in kelp forests, seagrass beds, coral reefs and salt marshes.

Ch 13: Eukaryotic Transcription Worksheet

This type of RNA Polymerase is responsible for synthesis of tRNA _________

This type of RNA Polymerase is responsible for synthesis of mRNA _________

This type of RNA Polymerase is responsible for synthesis of rRNA _________

This “element” decreases the rate of transcription _____________

This “element” increases the rate of transcription _____________

The locations of these elements maybe found _______________________________.

This protein is required for RNAP II, it cannot bind without it ____________

These protein molecules influence the rate of RNAP II initiation of transcription __________ will bind to enhancer sequences to aid RNAP II binding or ________ may bind to silencer sequences.

____________ was responsible for characterizing RNAP II in this organism

Eukaryotic RNAP II has a _________ (what charge) jaw-like clamp to hold the DNA.

Abortive transcription refers to the fact that the beginning of transcription in eukaryotes involves ________and ________ transcription because unstably bound ribonucleotides are added.

Once a stable RNA:DNA hybrid forms that is approximately ___ ribonucleotides long RNAP II will move along the DNA

RNAP II will hold ____ basepairs of DNA within the complex and ____ ribonucleotides.

The lid is the location where what happens?

The Pore is where _____________ will enter the complex to be used during transcription.

When the ________sequence arrives in the complex, the complex becomes unstable. The clamp opens and both the _____ and nascent ______ strand are released.

This precursor to the mature and fully processed mRNA is called _______________ ________RNA or a primary transcript.

Other types of post transcriptional modifications include addition of this modified nucleotide to the 5’ end, it is called a __________________

What is unique about its attachment to the adjacent ribonucleotide?

What are some reasons for its addition?

How long is a typical 3’ poly A tail? Do all eukaryotic mRNAs have a poly A tail?

(True or False) Introns do not make up a significant portion of the length of the genomic gene sequence. (In other words, the length of the intronic DNA is much shorter than the exonic DNA)

Group 1 splicing mechanism involve catalytic _____ molecules called _________; these are non protein molecules with enzymatic activity.

Group 1 splicing mechanisms involve removing introns in primary transcripts of _____

Introns in mRNAs are removed using a large complex structure called a ___________ with the help of binding of small nuclear RNAs bound to proteins called ____________

Small nuclear RNAs have a high concentration of this ribonucleotide_________

A self splicing mechanism involving the formation of a ________ structure following snRNA’s complementary binding will cut the RNA and allow exons to be ligated.

6. a) Knowing what you know about the fur color and ear phenotype of our dogs in the previous question, what would happen if I crossed a diheterozygote with a dog homozygous recessive for ear shape and heterozygous for fur color.

b) What is the genotype of the diheterozygote?

c) What is the genotype of the dog heterozygous for fur color and homozygous recessive for ear shape?

d) What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

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1. List the four ecosystem services provided by Puget Sound and describe how they might be valuated (economic values calculated).

2. Describe three ways that climate change will likely impact marine systems. Use concrete examples from systems

A kinase could act as a signal integrating device if it:

Initiates a phosphorylation cascade

The kinase is regulated by two enzymes activated by distinct signals

Phosphorylates more than one substrate in response to a signal

Can autophosphorylate

Becomes constitutively active