briefly describe characteristics of these representatives that allow you to dintisguish the diferent orders.

Calcarea

Demospongia

Hexactinellidae

Which of the statements describes purines and pyrimidines in DNA molecules? (Pick more than one)

Pyrimidines consist of a one-ring structure.

Pyrimidines form hydrogen bonds with purines.

Pyrimidines form covalent bonds with purines.

Adenine and guanine are pyrimidines.

Purines form hydrogen bonds with purines.

Replication is a process that occurs naturally in a cell, where PCR is done by scientists in a laboratory. Compare replication and PCR by discussing the components and processes that are similar and the components and processes that are different. Finally, tell me why PCR is important in RFLP analysis.

A) Quantitative vs. Qualitative variables – write an example of each.

B) Discrete or Continuous? – for the quantitative variable example you noted in part (A) above, is it discrete or continuous?

C) For each of the following questions, you will be identifying the independent variable(s) (IV) and the dependent variable(s) (DV), then operationally defining them.

1. Does people’s level of self-esteem influence how hard they try to succeed at achievement tasks? IV: Op. Def:
DV: Op. Def:

2. Does eating kale improve digestion?
IV: Op. Def: DV: Op. Def:

3. Does viewing certain types of fashion designs influence feelings of well being? IV: Op. Def:
DV: Op. Def:

4. Are children’s fashion preferences influenced by peers fashion styles? IV: Op. Def: DV: Op. Def:

5. Does smoking while pregnant increase the risk that the newborn will have a low birth weight? IV: Op. Def:
DV: Op. Def:

6. Does calcium supplements affect bone density?
IV: Op. Def: DV: Op. Def:

Hydrocarbon Lab Post-Question:

Two of the compounds in this experiment had similar odors, yet their molecular structures are very different. Comment on factors at the molecular level that may be involved in the mechanism of smell. (Assume that a nerve impulse to the olfactory center of the brain is initiated by interaction of molecules, in this case the hydrocarbons, with a receptor in the nose.)

Describe one of the most recent disease outbreaks, and the role of epidemiologists (descriptive and/or analytical) in addressing it. What questions would you ask an epidemiologist, if you had the chance to interview one?

Would it be useful to use more or less of β-glucanase or β-xylanase enzyme when testing flour viscosity? Why?

Describe the external and internal morphology/structures of the microphylls of Selaginella and the megaphyll fronds of ferns. Which one is effective at photosynthesis? Why?

Find recent (within the past year) research regarding the most effective heart health nutrients/supplements in addition to CoQ10. Thoroughly explain each of these nutrients in terms of the physiology of heart health. (1 page). Ensure in your own words and obtain the most recent research.

A single population becomes separated by a geographic barrier, and each population acquires genetic differences. What could happen if this barrier is removed and the two populations interact and attempt to mate? Refer to isolating mechanisms.

1. Identify the structural regions on the illustration from the previous question. Tree Section Identification: Clues for tree species identification:

Oak Bark- Light to dark grey and scaly Sapwood- Creamy white to light brown Heartwood- Grayish to reddish brown Special Features- Distinct growth rings, light colored wood rays

Basswood Bark- Grayish red with shallow features Sapwood- Whitish to cream brown, narrow dark summerwood and wide white springwood Heartwood- Similar to sapwood Special Features- Growth rings evident, soft textured wood

Black Walnut Bark- Reddish brown with grooves Sapwood- Creamy white Heartwood- Chocolate brown Special Features- Growth rings less apparent, narrow sapwood region, hard textured wood

American (White) Ash Bark- Grayish brown with grooves Sapwood- Light colored, narrow dark summerwood and wide white springwood Heartwood- Brown to reddish brown with possible red tinge Special Features- Distinct growth rings, narrow sapwood region, hard textured wood

White Pine Bark- Smooth, greenish gray on young trees Sapwood- Light cream, narrow dark summerwood and wide white springwood Heartwood- Cream colored tinged with red Special Features- growth rings evident, soft textured wood

Red Pine Bark- Reddish brown Sapwood- White to light yellow, narrow dark summerwood and wide white springwood Heartwood- Red to reddish brown Special Features- Growth rings evident, soft textured wood

2. What would suggest variations in the amount of moisture available during a good or bad year for the life of the tree?

3. What does it mean to "girdle" a tree trunk and how does it affect the tree?

4. How would the bark of a younger tree appear as compared with that of an older tree

5. What would suggest variations in the amount of moisture available during the life of the tree? Explain.

Find recent (within the past year) research regarding heart health nutrients: specifically on Omega 3s, Resveratol and ECGC. Explain what these do in terms of heart health physiologyin your own words thoroughly ( 1 page)

*minimum 250 words

Imagine that you are enjoying a delicious dinner with friends and family of various ages (age 6 to age 81) (who are not scientists or science majors and are not familiar with the topic), and the topic of photosythesis is brought up. How would you explain the process of photoynthesis and its importance for our planet to those of all ages around the table? Feel free to give several different explanations to target various age groups......

Based on laboratory testing, it was discovered that the Doubling Time for E.coli at 25^oC is 40 min. Also, based on laboratory testing, it was discovered that E.coli die at 45^oC.

Fill in the table with the estimated number of bacteria: